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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He wants to follow in his fathers footsteps to be a teacher because he regards teaching as an honorable （ ）.问题1选项A.callingB.taskC.employmentD.duty【答案】B【解析】句意：他想追随他父亲的脚步成为一名教师, 因为他认为教学是一项光荣的任务。选项A和C表示职务, 教学不是职务, 所以不正确；选项B更符合语境。2. 单选题Polio has been so effectiv
2、ely suppressed by vaccination programs that most doctors have never encountered its symptoms; in fact, when the rare patient today is _ with the polio virus, doctors are likely to misdiagnose the illness.问题1选项A.affectedB.exposedC.engagedD.afflicted【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。A选项affected“假装的，做作的”；B选项exposed“（地方）
3、不遮挡风雨的；（人）易受攻击（或批评）的”，be exposed to“受攻击”；C选项engaged“正从事的”；D选项afflicted“受困扰的”，be afflicted with“患病”。句意：小儿麻痹症已经因为疫苗接种计划有效地抑制住了，以至于大多数医生从未遇到过其症状；事实上，当如今患者中罕见_小儿麻痹症时，医生很可能会误诊。小儿麻痹症现在已经很少见了，以至于碰到患有小儿麻痹症的患者，医生很可能会误诊，D选项afflicted“受困扰的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题At last she left her house and hurried to the airport
4、 only _ the plane flying away.问题1选项A.sawB.seenC.seeingD.to see【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后她离开了家，匆忙赶往机场，却只看见飞机飞走了。only+现在分词（短语）和only+不定式（短语）都可作结果状语，跟现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而跟不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果，仅限于少数终止性动词，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是结果状语，匆忙赶往机场却未能如愿登机，是令人失望的结果，D选项to see符合题意。A选项saw是一般过去时，作谓语动词，不作非
5、谓语动词；B选项seen是过去分词，不单独使用；C选项only seeing表示合乎逻辑的结果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情况，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题The Smiths went into the department store to buy things, leaving their cars engine（ ）over.问题1选项A.tickingB.tumblingC.turningD.running【答案】C【解析】tick over进展缓慢；tumble over打翻；turn over发动；run over复查。句意：史密斯一家到百货公司购物，没有关掉车
6、的引擎。也就是说车的引擎还发动着，选项C符合句意。5. 单选题I think she hurt my feelings（ ）rather than by accident as she claimed.问题1选项A.virtuallyB.literallyC.appropriatelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】根据下半句“rather than by accident.”可推测, “我认为她是故意伤害我的感情而不是她声称的偶然伤害”。所以选项D符合语境。6. 单选题The rapid growth of Floridas cities has caused the stat
7、es roads and highways to become （ ） .问题1选项A.worn outB.impassableC.congestedD.muffled【答案】C【解析】worn out疲惫不堪的, 耗尽的；impassable不能通行的；congested堵塞的, 拥挤的；muffled听不清的, 蒙住的。句意：佛罗里达州城市的快速发展导致该州的道路和高速公路变得拥挤不堪。选项C符合语境。7. 单选题Why should anyone want to read（ ）of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes f
8、rom reading the originals?问题1选项A.digestsB.themesC.leafletsD.insights【答案】A【解析】句意：当真正的乐趣来自于阅读原著时, 为什么有人想要阅读伟大作家的作品摘要呢？选项A更符合语境。8. 单选题We will introduce legislation to simplify trademark registrations and extend the rights they _.问题1选项A.conferB.excludeC.allotD.commend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣
9、誉或权利）”；B选项exclude“不放在考虑之列；防止进入，阻止参加，把排斥在外”；C选项allot“分配，配给（时间、钱财等）；分派（任务等）”；D选项commend“赞扬；举荐”。句意：我们将出台立法，简化商标注册程序，扩大他们_的权利。横线处和they形成主谓关系来修饰rights“权利”，A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”对应rights“权利”，符合题意。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题I shall tell him the truth, _.问题1选项A.no matter whether he likes it or notB.whether he likes
10、it or notC.no matter he likes it or notD.whether he would like it or not【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意：不管他喜不喜欢，我都会告诉他真相。no matter与疑问词who，what，where，when，how，if，whether等连用，意为“无论，不管”，可引导让步状语从句，A选项no matter whether he likes it or not符合题意。B选项中whether意思为“（表示迟疑或两个可能性之间的选择）是否”，不符合语境；C选项中no matter意思为“不要紧”，用法错误；D选项中whet
11、her用法错误。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题He told us a lot of jokes and had us _ all through the meal.问题1选项A.laughingB.laughC.laughedD.to laugh【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他给我们讲了好多笑话，让我们在吃饭的时候笑个不停。A选项have sb./sth. doing“让某人做某事，让某情况发生”，含有动作正在进行之意，had us laughing“让我们笑”；B选项have sb. do“请/派别人完成某事；经历某种不幸”；C选项have sth. done“请/派别人完成某事
12、；完成某事（可能参与）；遭受某种不幸”；D选项have sth. to do“有某事要完成”。这里指的是笑话让我们一直笑，有强调状态的含义，A选项laughing符合题意。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题Economic liberalism was the prevailing economic philosophy in much of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the U.S. economy developed within its framework. Economic liberalism promoted f
13、reedom of action for the individual and the firm through the doctrines of free trade, self-interest, private property, laissez-faire, and competition.According to this philosophy, individuals were free to seek their own occupations, to enter any business, and to act as they saw fit to improve their
14、economic welfare. Economic society was held together by self-interest. Self-interest was thus the motivating force of the economy. For example, to increase personal economic welfare, an individual might decide to produce goods and sell them for profit. But in so doing, that individual automatically
15、benefited the community as wellby purchasing raw materials, providing employment, and supplying goods or services. A worker seeking increase his or her wages could do so by increasing productivity. This, too, benefited the employer and the community in general. According to Adam Smith, the individual, in seeking personal gain, was led by an in
