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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as a surgical tool in operations on people who are（ ）to heart attack.问题1选项A.infectiousB.disposedC.accessibleD.prone【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项infectious“传染的，传染性的”，B项disposed“有倾向的；打算做的”，C项accessible“易接近的，可进入的”，D项prone“俯卧的，有倾向的”。
2、根据关键词heart attack（心脏病），可排除A、C选项。be disposed to表示“有倾向”，后面一般跟to do；be prone to表示“易于，有的倾向”，后面一般跟名词；heart attack是名词，只有D项符合。句意：医生们对使用激光作为外科手术工具对易患心脏病的人进行手术很感兴趣。故该题选择D项正确。2. 单选题Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.问题1选项A.dashedB.filedC.str
3、olledD.swarmed【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。flock into表示“大批地涌进，成群结队涌到”；A项dash“猛冲，匆忙”，B项file“提出（申请），把归档”，C项stroll“散步，闲逛”，D项swarm“成群来回移动，蜂拥而至”。句意：成千上万的人离开农村，涌入城市，住在新工厂旁边。根据句意可知，该题D项正确。3. 单选题The court held the parents accountable for the minor childs acts of violence.问题1选项A.responsible forB.indifferent toC.desperate
4、 forD.involved in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。accountable for表示“负责，对应负责任”；A项responsible for“对负责任”，B项indifferent to“对冷漠”，C项desperate for“渴望”，D项involved in“涉及，包含”。句意：法院要求父母对未成年孩子的暴力行为负责。根据句意可知A项正确。4. 问答题The patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory
5、 blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.(1) Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mista
6、kes or bending the truth. (2) Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overwor
7、ked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. (3) Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she sa
8、id, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the
9、patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, “The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring.” (4) But in
10、 the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. (5) Students and residents are now expected to provide rou
11、tine feedbackpositive and negativeabout their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and non-confrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it
12、will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patients benefit, is whistle-blowing.【答案】答：1.Almost certainly, the medical student was stunned to hear such an answer from his supervisor.2.The inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is stopped by
13、the hospital hierarchies, despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians.3.At the bottom of hierarchy were those medical students assuredly.4.But in real hospital environment, it is rather difficult for medical students to give a command.5.Medical students and residents should make regular
14、 feedback about their supervising physicians, positively and negatively at the end of their rotation.【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，几乎可以肯定。原文这一句是对上文的肯定，上文提到The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.（学医的学生听到他的回答很吃惊，因为她很肯定没有经过检查），所以改写的时
15、候需要结合上文的内容来进行扩充，故改写为Almost certainly, the medical student was stunned to hear such an answer from his supervisor（几乎可以肯定的是，医学院的学生听到他的导师这样的回答感到很震惊）。2.原文句意是：然而，即使这样的行为可能危及病人，但教学医院的等级制度阻碍了年轻医生发言的倾向和能力。前半句是让步状语从句，并且acts can jeopardize patients指的是作为指导医生，他们的错误行为危害到病人的健康，所以可以改写为despite appearance of mistake
16、s by supervising physicians（尽管指导医生出现了一些错误）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop来替代，所以句子改写为The inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is stopped by the hospital hierarchies, despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians（医院的等级制度阻止了年轻医生说话的倾向和能力，尽管指导医生出现了一些错误）。3.原文句意是：最后，处于等级最下层的肯定是这些医学生。at the botto
