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1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Tom was accused of _ against black persons, that is to say, he looks down upon them.问题1选项A.discriminatingB.distinguishingC.distressingD.disguising【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。discriminating “歧视”；distinguishing “辨别，区分”; distressing “使痛苦，迫使”；disguising “掩饰，伪装”。句意：汤姆被指控歧视黑人，也就是
2、说，他瞧不起他们。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题We have to _ the routine expenditure，otherwise it will be impossible for us to afford a car.问题1选项A.declineB.condenseC.curtailD.dwindle【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。decline “下降，衰落”；condense “使浓缩”；curtail“缩减，剪短”；dwindle“使缩小，减小”。句意：我们必须缩减日常开支，否则我们不可能买得起一辆车。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The field of sociology
3、in the United States developed as a result of a social experience which had very little to do with the political and ideological controversies that stimulated sociology in France and Germany. Rather, the discipline evolved as a result of the experiences associated with the problems of an immigrant s
4、ociety caught in the turmoil of rapid industrialization and urban growth. Indeed, it must be emphasized that from its beginning, sociology has had a very practical interest, which was characterized less by political divisiveness than by social reform and social work. This practical emphasis in the d
5、iscipline has continued to persist to the present. It has only been since World War，however, that there has existed something in American higher education that could be properly termed a “sociological establishment” or a highly respected academic field of study. Its major strength as an academic dis
6、cipline resulted from its empirical and sophisticated approach to the identification and solution of practical but highly significant social problems.Today，what does the academic sociologist do? Professional sociologists are individuals who study and teach about societies，social institutions，and the
7、 patterns of human interaction and human behavior. As a scientific discipline，sociology may be divided into three broad, analytical fields: the study of groups; institutions analysis; and the study of the social structure in general. Thus, the content of the rapidly expanding discipline of sociology
8、 is based upon culture and society，with emphasis placed upon the study of the various types of interaction and relationships which exist among individuals and human groups. In the study of such areas as social organization and disorganization, sociologists attempted to explain the evolution and chan
9、ge of social institutions and the changing nature of human attitudinal and value systems. Among the selected topics of investigation included within the study of sociology are the changing nature of family life，institutional life, sexual attitudes, crime and violence，religious values, and the entire
10、 gamut of interpersonal relationships in politics and government. Indeed，many of the areas which professional sociologists study are, by their very nature, relatively familiar to many of us even though they are not clearly understood. The basic hypotheses of the disciplinethat social life (both grou
11、p and individual behavior) is patterned； that value and attitudes are learned, reinforced, and shared; that we as individuals are, in many respects，what others consider us to beare ideas which most people now instinctively accept in order to live and function as members of society. These topics, whi
12、ch emphasize individual and group behavior processes, then, comprise areas of concern for sociology as one of the behavior science disciplines.During these last decades of the twentieth century advanced Western society will continue to be confronted with crucial social issues in the context of both
13、individual and group behavior patterns resulting from continued rapid technological expansion. The solution to the problem plaguing our complex society will become，to a much greater extent, the primary responsibility of sociology, social psychology, and cultural anthropology, the three major academi
14、c disciplines comprising the behavioral sciences. This trend is being witnessed currently by the increasing numbers of behavioral scientists that are being employed by government, by business and industry, by hospitals and other agencies devoted to problems of health care, by welfare agencies, by pu
15、blic educational systems, and by many other types of organizations in which some systematic knowledge of human behavior is required.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to _.2.Which of the following statements about sociology would the author be most likely to disagree with?3.It can be inferred f
16、rom the passage that social psychology and cultural anthropology_.4.Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?5.The word “empirical” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.问题1选项A.distinguish sociology in the United States from sociology in France and GermanyB.compare soc
