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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题During the 1700s and 1800s, major fighting during wars generally ceased for the winters and armies took up winter encampments. As winter descended upon Pennsylvania in 1777, General George Washington chose Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, some eighteen miles west of P
2、hiladelphia as site of the winter encampment of the Continental Army. The area was far enough away from the British in Philadelphia to discourage surprise attacks and its location between high hills and the Schuylkill River made it easily defensible.The Continental Army, however, was in bad shape. O
3、f the 12,000 soldiers, many lacked the supplies or clothing to survive the winter and many others were starving at this point. At Valley Forge, defense lines were built along with over 1,000 huts to provide some relief from the brutal elements.Moisture from rain and melting snow made it impossible f
4、or many soldiers to stay dry and allowed for the spread of disease. The only reliable food that the soldiers received was a mixture of flour and water known as “firecake. Occasionally, soldiers received meat and bread. Furthermore, many soldiers had inadequate supplies of clothing and were forced to
5、 endure the winter in tatters and without blankets. Many lacked shoes. Wounded soldiers often died from exposure to the elements. Unsanitary and crowded conditions led to the proliferation of diseases and sicknesses such as typhoid and pneumonia.Over 2,000 people died from such sicknesses.On Februar
6、y 23，1778，former German General Baron von Steuben arrived at Valley Forge to train the Patriots how to march in formation, fire guns quickly, use bayonets and become soldiers. Though von Steuben spoke little English, he developed a training manual in French that would be translated on the grounds in
7、to English. Unlike many American generals, von Steuben worked directly with the soldiers, endearing him to the thousands suffering at Valley Forge. Von Steubens presence did much to improve the morale of the army during the bitter winter and also helped them develop into a more tactical, effective m
8、ilitary machine, capable of fighting the British.On June 19, 1778, the Continental Army left Valley Forge in pursuit of the British who were moving north to New York.1.Why did General Washington choose Valley Forge as the site of his armys winter encampment?2.How was Baron Von Steuben different from
9、 American generals?3.What was probably the most important contributions made by Baron Von Steuben?4.What happened last?问题1选项A.It was close to a source of water.B.It was warmer than any other encampments.C.Its location made it easy to defend.D.It was the only place where he wouldnt be attacked.问题2选项A
10、.He never worked directly with soldiers.B.He worked directly with soldiers.C.He would go into battle with soldiers.D.He liked the British.问题3选项A.He helped transform the Continental Army into an army that could actually fight the British.B.He taught the soldiers how to use bayonets.C.He taught the so
11、ldiers that their Generals did not have to speak good EnglishD.He provided the soldiers with things to laugh about.问题4选项A.The Continental Army learned to fire guns faster and to use bayonets.B.The Continental Army began their pursuit of the British.C.It was April 1778 when the war finally came to an
12、 end.D.Baron Von Steuben arrived.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“The area was far enough away from the British in Philadelphia to discourage surprise attacks and its location between high hills and the Schuylkill River made it easily defensible.” 该地区离英国人在费城的地区足够远，而且由于地形原因，可以免于遭受突袭。选项C符合
13、题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段，“Unlike many American generals, Von Steuben worked directly with the soldiers, endearing him to the thousands suffering at Valley Forge.” Von Steuben跟美国将军的不同之处在于他直接和士兵们一起工作，受到了人们的爱戴。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段，“Von Steubens presence did much to improve the morale of the armyand al
14、so helped them develop into a more tactical, effective military machine, capable of fighting the British.”，可见Von Steuben做出的最大的贡献是提高了士兵的士气，使军队有足够的能力与英军作战。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，大陆军开始了对英军的追击。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Look at this mess! If only I（ ） your advice.问题1选项A.followB.had followedC.would followD.have fol
15、lowed【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气语法。If only 引导虚拟条件句，题目是对过去的虚拟，要用“had done” 结构，句意：看看这一片混乱！但愿我之前听从了你的建议就好了。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Even today, when air and road travel has made Africa so readily accessible to Europeans and Americans, there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfam
16、iliar lies hidden everywhere, and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity. Basically, the essence of our reaction to the strange, the unfamiliar, is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse uneasewhether it be some remote Alpine valley, the w
