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1、Lettuce Handbook 萵苣栽培手冊出處：http:/ (碩一研究生)、謝安琪 (碩士級研究助理)、方煒校對/排版：方煒 (台大生機系教授)Ver. 2.0 Last updated: 2011/09/16Table of Contents 目錄Welcome to the electronic handbook for the production of CEA-grown hydroponic lettuce. This handbook is designed to be a comprehensive manual for the production of pond-gro
2、wn CEA (Controlled Environment Agriculture), or greenhouse, lettuce. More importantly thanks to the innovation of the World Wide Web, it is designed to be interactive. We hope your visit to this site is informative and helpful.歡迎來到環控農業水耕萵苣量產的電子手冊，本手冊將對在環控設施內以水池栽培萵苣的水耕量產方法做詳細介紹。包括了：環控農業相關的溫室、水耕、萵苣栽培等
3、。本手冊亦提供圖文超連結的互動功能，方便讀者對照瀏覽。希望本手冊能對您有所幫助。Growth of lettuce from day 1 to 35萵苣從第1天到第35天的成長過程36Table of Contents 目錄 Greenhouse Hardware溫室硬體 System Component Information系統組成 Computer Technology電腦技術 Lettuce Production萵苣生產 Pond Area Stage水池區栽培階段 Crop Health作物健康 Post-Harvest Procedures收穫後處理程序 References參考資
4、料Greenhouse Hardware溫室硬體Of fundamental importance to hydroponic lettuce production are the physical components of both the germination area and the pond area. It is necessary to have not only an idea of the physical components associated with each area, but also a good understanding of their purpose
5、s.水耕萵苣的栽培主要在發芽區和水池區等兩個區域進行，除了需要瞭解兩大區域涉及的實體組成之外，還需要瞭解各自存在的目的。1. Germination Area發芽區The first 11 days of lettuce production takes place in the germination area. Seedlings develop best under constant lighting conditions with specific, closely controlled temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, a
6、nd irrigation. These conditions can best be met in a controlled area with the following equipment:最初的11天，萵苣是生長在發芽區，種子將會在最佳的光照條件下生長，佐以嚴謹的溫度、相對濕度、二氧化碳濃度控制，還有良好的栽培方法。而要達到上述的各種條件，我們需要的設備有： Ebb and Flood Benches潮汐灌溉的植床 Solution Tank and Plumbing養液槽和連接的管路 Lighting人工照明 Aspirated Box通風的感測箱 Sensors感測器1.1 Ebb
7、 and Flood Benches潮汐灌溉 (淹灌) 的植床This is a photo of an empty Ebb and Flood bench while the bench is flooding for sub-irrigation. To uniformly supply the germinating seedlings with water and nutrients, Ebb and Flood benches (approximately 2.5 by 1.3 m) are periodically (2 to 4 times per day for approxi
8、mately 15 minutes) flooded. These benches were specifically designed to supply water and nutrients through sub_irrigation. Through a pump and piping, the Fertilizer_Solution is pumped into the Ebb and Flow bench. The solution is then automatically drained after a given time period. Humidity covers a
9、re used to provide a high humidity environment around the germinating seeds. 右上方的照片是一個空的潮汐灌溉植床正在進水做淹灌的準備。為了讓發芽的種子 (種苗) 都能均勻地吸收到養分和水分，潮汐灌溉式植床 (1.3 m寬 x 2.5 m 長)會定時的做水面高度的升降 (每天2到4次，每次上升15分鐘)。透過幫浦和管路將養液輸送到植床上，養液會在設定的時間之後自動排掉。保濕蓋用來維持發芽的種子於一高濕度的環境。Humidity Covers保濕蓋Here the Ebb and Flood bench is being
10、flooded for sub-irrigation of the plug trays. The water level is approximately 1.5 inches deep and submerges the bottom half of the plug tray. See Lettuce Production for purpose and use of humidity covers.此處的潮汐灌溉植床正在進水做灌溉的準備，水深大約1.5英呎並淹過穴盤底部的一半，詳情請見萵苣生產和保濕蓋的用途。1.2 Solution Tank and Plumbing養液槽和連接的管路
11、A fiberglass tank (A) holds the nutrient solution used for sub-irrigating the seedlings. Approximately 250 L of nutrient solution is sufficient to prime the system, fill the bench, and provide nutrient solution for the first 11 days of growth for approximately 2000 seedlings. A small (Teel Model 1P8
12、08A 1/50 h.p.) pump (B) is used to pump the solution to the bench. The piping (C) should be flexible to adjust to individual germination area needs. A throttling or gate valve (D) is included to control the flow of the nutrient solution to the Ebb and Flow bench. The bottom of the sub-irrigation ben
13、ch (E) is visible in the photo above. 灌溉種苗的養液儲存於玻璃纖維槽 (A)。大約250升的養液即足夠供應2000 顆種子的預措、植床的灌溉並提供11天栽培所需的養液。一個 Teel公司量產 (型號 1P808A，1/50 馬力) 的小幫浦 (B) 用來將這些溶液輸送到各植床。連接管路必須要靈活調整，方便養液供應到各發芽區。系統還須包含一個節流閥或水閘 (D)，用來控制流量。上列照片顯示的是淹灌植床的底部 (E)。1.3 Lighting人工光源Type種類Cool white fluorescent (CWF) lamps (A) are recomme
14、nded, but High Pressure Sodium (HPS) can also be used. Heat generated by the lamps must be dissipated from the germination area in order to maintain the temperature set points. Use of incandescent lamps (B) is discouraged because the red light emitted from these lamps causes the seedlings to stretch
15、. Fluorescent lamps are rich in blue light, which cause short and squat seedlings.一般建議使用冷白螢光燈管 (A)，但是也可使用高壓鈉燈光。人工光源產生的熱量一定要移出發芽區，以利溫度控制於設定值的維持。白熱燈泡 (B) 則不鼓勵使用，因為這些燈泡所散發出紅光(與紅外光)會導致種苗子突長。螢光燈管則富含藍光，可讓種苗較為矮壯。Configuration 配置The lamps should be configured for a uniform distribution of light over the entire growing area. Light intensity is maintained at 50 mmole/m2/s of PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) during the first 24 hours the seeds are kept in the germination area. For the remaining 10 days, the light intensity is maintained at 250 mmo
