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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西安电子科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Professor Kumar Bhatt, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), and Rob Meakin, a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become e-literate. The New Knowledge Partnership will include a team
2、 of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhatt calls electronic engineering management or E2. A wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programs.Professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. M
3、any chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologies and, in some cases, are actually resisting change. He says that “As long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the
4、economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business
5、will be worth billions to the UK economy.” Already Britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) and management information technology systems than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. But, observes Professor Bhatt, Britain has
6、 never used technology as a growth driver. “The thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify pro
7、blems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past.” The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with Americas leading e-commerce study center, Carnegie Mellon. The latter will be responsible
8、 for training many of the Marconi managers in America, where the group has half its business. In Britain, Professor Bhatt has linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufacturing center at the university which will be used for
9、 training and research.Professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to be renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns: “The move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to ove
10、rtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog (互相超越) the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.【答案】华威制造集团（Warwick Manufacturing Group，WMG）创始人兼负责人库马尔巴特（Kumar Bhatt）教授与马可尼公司（Marconi）人事主管罗布米金（Rob Meakin）建立了合作关
11、系，培养工程师和管理人员掌握电子技术。新知识伙伴关系将包括一个由40名马可尼经理组成的团队，巴特教授称之为电子工程管理或E2。许多工程和非工程公司都对这些令人兴奋的项目表示了兴趣。巴特教授认为，电子商务在很大程度上改变了商业环境。许多首席执行官不了解新技术的力量，在某些情况下，他们实际上是在抵制变革。他说：“只要有足够多的行业领袖认识到电子商务的潜在好处，电子商务将使英国有可能发生第二次生产力革命。”这可能会使日本经济接近于消除与主要竞争对手之间仍然巨大的竞争力差距。在过去的五年中，由于信息技术的发展，美国制造业的生产率提高了30%。在英国，我们可以实现更多，成功的电子商务将对英国经济产生数十
12、亿美元的价值。”英国已经比其他欧洲国家更多地使用计算机辅助设计和制造（CAD/CAM）和管理信息技术系统，而且英国政府积极推动电子商务。但据巴特教授观察，英国从未将科技作为增长动力。“关于电子工程管理，你可以保留你的遗留系统；你只需要用一个信息引擎把这些系统连接起来。只要按下一个按钮，项目经理就可以看到项目的状态，精确地识别问题，并根据比过去更完整的信息做出几乎立即的决定。”E2项目是华威制造集团（Warwick Manufacturing Group）与美国领先的电子商务研究中心卡内基梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon）结盟的结果。后者将负责培训马可尼在美国的许多经理，该集团在美国有一
13、半的业务。在英国，巴特教授与太阳微系统公司、甲骨文公司和参数技术公司合作，在大学建立了一个价值数百万英镑的E2设计和制造中心，用于培训和研究。巴特教授认为，电子商务正在改变商业，以至于WMG很可能更名为华威电子制造集团。但他警告称：“电子商务带来的全球化步伐正在加快。虽然网络允许英国工业取代它们的欧洲同行,它还提供了亚洲国家超越。这是第一次不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的。2. 翻译题美国人民非常钦佩中国几千年来在人类文化、宗教、哲学、艺术、科学和技术等领域做出的贡献。我们铭记着第二次世界大战期间两国的牢固伙伴关系。现在我们看到中国处在这样一个历史时刻：你们目前气势磅礴的改革和更加美好
14、的未来是可以和辉煌的往昔相提并论的。仅仅三十年前，中国基本上与世隔绝，现在中国参加了从航空领域到农业领域的一千多个国际组织，影响遍及国家的各个领域。你们已经较大地开放了贸易和投资领域。今天有四万年轻的中国学生在美国学习，另外还有几十万人在亚洲、非洲、欧洲和拉丁美洲学习。你们在经济和社会的改变过程中表现十分突出，你们从封闭的、指令性的经济体制过渡到蓬勃发展的、依靠市场力量的经济体制。近20年来，这种经济取得前所未有的增长。人们有更多的自由在国内外旅行；人们可以选举自己的村长；可以拥有自己的房子；可以选择自己的职业和上更好的学校。这样，你们使上亿人民脱贫，人均收入在过去十年里翻了一番多，今天中国人
15、民所过的生活是他们过去二十年来根本想象不到的。当然这些变化也打乱了一成不变的生活工作方式，也给环境造成极大的负担。过去，每一个城市公民都保证在国有企业有份工作，现在必须竞争。过去，工人只需要满足中央计划安排的要求。现在进入全球经济时代，这意味着你们必须和全世界的质量和创造性相竞争。在短期内，那些有能力的勤劳的人，至少有一部分也将会失业。正如你们所看到的，过去的20年的发展模式和能源使用模式，使中国在环境、经济、保健方面付出了巨大的代价：空气污染、树木减少、酸雨、水资源短缺。面对这些挑战，必须制定新的培训和社会保障制度体系。引进新的环保政策和技术，一方面使经济增长，另一方面改善环境。【答案】Th
16、e American people greatly admire Chinas contributions over thousands of years in the fields of human culture, religion, philosophy, art, science and technology. We remember the strong partnership between our two countries during the Second World War. Now we see China at a moment in history when the momentum of your current reforms and the promise of a brighter future can be compared to the glory of your past. Virtually isolated just three
