《2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第186期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第186期（27页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 填空题Too often we believe what accounts for others success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious. A B C D【答案】D success is改为is success【解析】【考查点】倒装。【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分
2、应为is success。【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。但成功很少如此神秘。2. 填空题A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured like being made up of many A B
3、 C Dsmall particles that are in constant motion.【答案】D like 改为as【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】picture sth. as sth.意思为“把设想成”，此题用的是被动语态，即gases are pictured as。【句意】理论通常包含假设的模型，以帮助科学家描绘观察到的事件产生的方式。分子运动理论就是一个很好的例子。在这个理论中，气体被设想成由许多不断运动的小颗粒组成。3. 填空题Animal behavior was studied as a discipline on its own, and human beh
4、avior was studied similarly inrelatively isolation. However, behavioral traits in animals and in humans may under certaincircumstances have profound effects on A B Cbreeding patterns and mate selection. D【答案】B relatively改为relative【解析】【考查点】定语。【解题思路】在B部分中，isolation“孤立状态”是名词，应该用形容词作为定语修饰名词，所以此处应为relati
5、ve“相比较而言的”。【句意】动物行为是作为一门独立的学科来研究的，人类行为也是在相对孤立的环境中研究的。然而，在某些情况下，动物和人类的行为特征可能会对繁殖模式和配偶选择产生深远的影响。4. 填空题Meteorologists describe the air primarily in terms of its composition, temperature, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, and _. (humid)【答案】humidity【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】根据关键词and，可知precipit
6、ation和横线所在内容为并列结构，应该和precipitation一样为名词，humidity“（空气中的）湿度”符合语境，指的是湿度是描述空气的元素之一。【句意】气象学家主要根据空气的组成、温度、压力、风速、风向、降雨量和湿度来描述空气。5. 单选题The rule will no longer permit us to use as evidence statements that have been obtained using cruel, inhuman, or degrading interrogation methods.问题1选项A.punchingB.disturbingC
7、.questioningD.rejecting【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. punching 拳打，以拳痛击 B. disturbing 打扰，干扰C. questioning 正式提问，质询 D. rejecting 拒绝接受，不予考虑【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】interrogation的意思为“审问”，这里指不能用残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法，questioning与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】该规则不再允许我们使用通过残忍、不人道或有辱人格的审讯方法获得的证词作为证据。6. 填空题Inventions and i
8、nnovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer even the best players miss the goal and have their shots to be blocked much more frequently than they score. A B C D【答案】C to be blocked改为blocked【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】have sth. done表示某事已经被做完，have sth. to be done表示
9、有些事情等着被做，这里射门被挡住的动作已经完成，此题正确用法为have their shots blocked。【句意】发明和创新几乎总是来自于艰苦的试验和错误。创新就像足球，即使是最优秀的球员也会失球，他们的射门被挡出的次数远远超过他们进球的次数。7. 单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be
10、performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object,
11、 the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate th
12、em with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells an
