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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Nowadays it is mandatory to have at least a rudimentary knowledge of the new cell chemistry to be able to understand practical medical advances in fields of virology, cancer, and hereditary diseases.问题1选项A.profoundB.essentialC.multipleD.elementary【答案】D【解析】
2、【选项释义】A. profound 知识渊博的，理解深刻的 B. essential 必不可少的，极其重要的C. multiple 数量多的，多种多样的 D. elementary 初级的，基础的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】rudimentary的意思为“基础的，基本的”，修饰knowledge，指的是要知道新细胞化学的基本知识，elementary与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】如今，要想了解病毒学、癌症和遗传疾病等领域的实际医学进展，至少必须掌握新细胞化学的基本知识。2. 单选题If you reinstate old-fas
3、hioned values about money and work, you can give your children a precious gift: the key to self-sufficiency.问题1选项A.resolveB.restoreC.redressD.resort【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. resolve 解决（问题或困难） B. restore 恢复（某种情况或感受）C. redress 纠正，矫正 D. resort 诉诸，求助于【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】reinstate的意思为“使恢复原职，使重返岗位”，在这里指的是恢复对传统价值
4、观的信任，让传统价值观再次发挥作用，restore与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】如果你恢复关于金钱和工作的传统价值观，你就可以给你的孩子一份珍贵的礼物，也就是自给自足的关键。3. 填空题Concerns about research ethics were further heighted by a research project called the Tuskegee Study,sponsored by the United States Public Health Service to assess the clinical cours
5、e of syphilis. A B C D【答案】A heighted改为heightened【解析】【考查点】被动语态。【解题思路】此句为被动语态，指的是人们对研究伦理的担忧进一步被加剧，应该用heighten的过去分词heightened。【句意】一个名为“塔斯基吉研究”的研究项目进一步加剧了人们对研究伦理的担忧，该研究项目由美国公共卫生局资助，旨在评估梅毒的临床病程。4. 单选题To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifi
6、es. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do.”Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is
7、 in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show
8、what to do.There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically tha
9、t such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents lik
10、e his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who see
11、ms a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.Admiration of one quality often lea
12、ds us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situation, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.1. For a child the first element in his
13、learning by imitation is _.2. Apart from achieving his desired results, a child should also learn to _.3. Children tend to imitate their models _.4. “An identifying figure” (Para. 5) refers to a person _.问题1选项A.the need to find an authorityB.the need to find a way to achieve the desired resultC.the
14、need for more affection from his parentsD.the desire to meet the standards of his social group问题2选项A.behave properlyB.attain his goal as soon as possibleC.show his affection for his parentsD.talk quietly问题3选项A.who do not criticize themB.who bring them unexpected rewardsC.whom they want to be likeD.whose social status is high问题4选项A.who serves as a model for othersB.who is always successfulC.who can be depended uponD.who has been rewarded for his success【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】For a child the first element in his learning by imi
