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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The ships generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated _ instead of mechanically.问题1选项A.artificiallyB.automaticallyC.manuallyD.synthetically【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. artificially人造地，人为地 B. automatically自动地，机械地C. manually手动地 D. synthetically综合地，合成地【考查点
2、】副词辨析。【解题思路】根据instead of（而不是）可知，空格处和mechanically（机械地）是相对立的，所以要表示“人工的，手动的”，C项符合。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】这艘船的发电机坏了，水泵不得不用人工而不是机械操作。2. 单选题While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, _ leading to successful treatment could come much sooner.问题1选项A.a distinctionB.a brea
3、kthroughC.an identificationD.an interpretation【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. a distinction差别，区别 B. a breakthrough重大进展，突破C. an identification鉴定，辨认 D. an interpretation理解，解释【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据while可知，这里是一个让步状语从句，意思是“尽管要完全了解这种疾病的病因可能还需要几年时间”，而主句提到“导致成功治疗的_可能会很快到来”，可推知空格处表示“突破性进展”，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】虽然要完
4、全了解这种疾病的病因可能还需要几年时间，但导致成功治疗的突破性进展可能会很快到来。3. 填空题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After you have read the passage, answer each question in English. Write down your answer on ANSWER SHEET.A language is a system of sounds, gestures, or characters used by humans to com
5、municate their ideas and feelings. There are about 4,000 spoken languages in the world. Some are spoken by millions of people. Other languages have only a few speakers.All languages have rules for forming words and for ordering those words in sentences. In written languages, meaning is expressed thr
6、ough a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds. Many deaf people use sign languages, in which gestures do the work of the sound system of spoken languages.Word order is mo
7、re important in English than it is in some other languages, such as Russian. The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many languages spoken in West Africa.Languages are always changing, but they change very slowly. People invent new words for their language, borrow words from other langu
8、ages, and change the meanings of words as needed. For example, the English word byte was invented by computer specialists in 1959. The English word tomato was borrowed from Nahuat, an American Indian language spoken in Mexico. The English word meat once referred to food in general.There are several
9、major language families in the world. The languages in each family are related, and scientists think they came from the same parent family. Language families come in different sizes. The Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages, including Pilipino, Malay, and Maori. The Basque language, s
10、poken in northern Spain, is the only member of its language family.The Indo-European language family contains 55 languages, including English, German, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi. Another language family is Sino-Tibetan, which includes Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan. The Afro-Asiatic family includes
11、Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic. There are about 150 American Indian languages spoken today. These languages have many differences and have been divided into more than 50 language families.People learn languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language. Most children learn their firs
12、t languages easily, and sometimes other languages as well. Adults often must work harder at learning a second language.1. How many languages are spoken all over the world?2. What are the language rules for?3. How is meaning expressed in sign language?4. What is more important in English compared wit
13、h other languages?5. Which language is the only member of its language family?【答案】1.About 4,000 spoken languages.2.Forming words and ordering those words in sentences.3.By gestures.4.Word order.5.The Basque language.【解析】1.【选项释义】1. How many languages are spoken all over the world? 1. 世界上有多少种语言？【考查点】细
14、节事实题。【解题思路】第一段第二句提到“世界上大约有4000种语言”可知，答案为“大约4000种”。2.【选项释义】2. What are the language rules for? 2. 语言规则是什么？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“所有的语言都有构词和排列句子的规则”可知，语言规则是“构词和排列句子”。3.【选项释义】3. How is meaning expressed in sign language? 3. 如何用手语表达意思？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“许多聋人使用手语，在手语中，手势起到了口语声音系统的作用”可知，聋人通过手势表
15、达自己的意思。4.【选项释义】4. What is more important in English compared with other languages? 4. 与其他语言相比，英语中什么更重要？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“词序在英语中比在其他一些语言中更重要，比如俄语”可知，英语中词序更重要。5.【选项释义】5. Which language is the only member of its language family? 5. 哪一种语言是其语系的唯一成员？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“西班牙北部使用的巴斯克语是该语系的唯一成员”可知，巴斯克语是其语系的唯一成员。4. 不定项选择题Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great dealor at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social classwhether a person is “worki
