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1、2022年考博英语-重庆大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题It is impossible to overemphasize the importance of commercial activity to a country and its people. In almost all developing countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and raises living standards. The increasi
2、ng import requirements which flow from economic development must somehow be financed, from foreign exchange receipts, derived from export earnings and capital investment. Without dynamic expansion in exports the growth of your countrys economy will almost certainly slacken. Your objective as a comme
3、rcial representative is obviously to do the best possible job improving your countrys export earnings in the broadest meaning of the term.The time has long since arrived to recognize commercial representation as a profession per se, the successful exercise or which is positively correlated with care
4、ful initial selection of commercial representatives, the level and content of their formal education and specialized training, the length and variety of their pertinent experience, and the quality of support they receive from the trade promotion organization (TPO) or ministry at home.【答案】商务活动对于一个国家及
5、其人民来说，无论怎么强调它的重要性都不过分。在几乎所有发展中国家，经济发展取决于出口贸易的增长，而出口贸易反过来又能创造就业机会并提高生活水平。由于经济发展而增加的对进口物资的需求，这种需求必须以某种方式从外汇交易、出口收入和对外投资中获得资金。没有出口的有力扩张，国家的经济增长速度肯定会放慢。作为一名商务代表，你们的目标从广泛意义上来说显然是尽最大努力提高你们国家的出口创汇能力。驻外商务代表本身是一种职业，这是早就应该承认的事实，其成功与否与商务代表的慎重选择息息相关。是否有正规教育和专门训练的水平和内容、他们过去的相关经验的多少和内容，以及他们能从国内贸易促进组织(TPO)或商务部获得的什
6、么样的支持，这些都是应该考虑的内容。2. 单选题Making Every Drop CountA The history of human civilization is entwined with the history of the ways we have learned to manipulate water resources. As towns gradually expanded, water was brought from increasingly remote sources, leading to sophisticated engineering efforts suc
7、h as dams and aqueducts. At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.B During the industrial revolution and pop
8、ulation explosion of the 19th and 20th centuries, the demand for water rose dramatically. Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower brought great benefit
9、s to hundreds of millions of people. Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the worlds food. Nearly one fifth of all the electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines sp
10、un by the power of falling water.C Yet there is a dark side to this picture, despite our progress, half of the worlds populations still suffers, with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. As the United Nations report on access to water reiterated in November 20
11、01, more than one billion people lack access to clean drinking water, some two and a half billion do not have adequate sanitation services. Preventable water-related diseases kill an estimated 10,000 to 20, 0000 children every day, and the latest evidence suggests that we are falling behind in effor
12、ts to solve these problems.D The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardizing human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes often with little warning or compensation to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20% of all freshwater fish
13、 species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers are being pumped down faster than they are nat
14、urally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions.E At the outset of the new millennium, however, the way resource planners think about water is begin
15、ning to change. The focus is slowly shifting back to the provision of basic human and environmental needs as top priority ensuring some for all，instead of more for some. Some water experts are now demanding that existing infrastructure be used in smarter ways rather than building new facilities, whi
16、ch is increasingly considered the option of last, not first, resort. This shift in philosophy has not been universally accepted, and it comes with strong opposition form some established water organizations. Nevertheless, it may be the only way to address successfully the pressing problems of providing everyone with clean water to drink, adequate water to grow food and a life free from preventable water-related illness.F Fortunatelyand une
