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1、2022年考博英语-湖南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题When we speak of progress in connection with our individual endeavors or any organized human effort, we mean an advance toward a known goal. It is not in this sense that social evolution can be called progress, for it is not achieved by human reason striving b
2、y known means toward a fixed aim. It would be more correct to think of progress as a process of formation and modification of the human intellect, a process of adaptation and learning in which not only the possibilities known to us but also our values and desires continually change. As progress cons
3、ists in the discovery of the not yet known, its consequences must be unpredictable. It always leads into the unknown, and the most we can expect is to gain an understanding of the kind of forces that bring it about. Yet, though such a general understanding of the character of this process of cumulat
4、ive growth is indispensable if we are to try to create conditions favorable to it, it can never be knowledge which will enable us to make specific predictions. The claim that we can derive from such insight necessary laws of evolution that we must follow is an absurdity. Human reason can neither pre
5、dict nor deliberately shape its own future. Its advances consist in finding out where it has been wrong.Even in the field where search for new knowledge is most deliberate, i, e, in science, no man can predict what will be the consequences of his work. In fact, there is increasing recognition that e
6、ven the attempt to make science deliberately aim at useful knowledgethat is, at knowledge whose future uses can be foreseenis likely to impede progress. Progress by its very nature cannot be planned. We may perhaps legitimately speak of planning progress in a particular field where we aim at the sol
7、ution of a specific problem and are already on the track of the answer. But we should soon be at the end of our endeavors if we were to confine ourselves to striving for goals now visible and if new problems did not spring up all the time. It is knowing what we have not known before that makes us wi
8、ser man.But often it also makes us sadder men. Though progress consists in part in achieving things we have been striving for, this does not mean that we shall like all its results or that all will be gainers. And since our wishes and aims are also subject to change in the course or process, it is q
9、uestionable whether the statement has a clear meaning that the new state of affairs that progress creates is a better one. Progress in the sense of the cumulative growth of knowledge and power over nature is a term that says little about whether the new state will give us more satisfaction than the
10、old. The pleasure may be solely in achieving what we have been striving for, and the assured possession may give us little satisfaction. The question whether, if we had to stop at our present stage of development, we would in any significant sense be better off or happier that if we had stopped a hu
11、ndred or a thousand years ago is probably unanswerable.The answer, however, does not matter. What matters is the successful striving for what at each moment seems attainable. It is not the fruits of past success but the living in and for the future in which human intelligence proves itself. Progress
12、 is movement for movements sake, for it is in theprocess of learning, and in the effects of having learned something new, that man enjoys the gift of his intelligence.1.Which of the following statements does the passage most strongly support?2.Progress, in the view of the writer（ ）,3.When considerin
13、g the search for knowledge,（ ） .4.Progress, according to this argument,（ ） .5.The author suggests that （ ）.问题1选项A.Scientific progress will benefit mankind immeasurably.B.Scientific research frequently achieves its intended goals.C.Progress may or may not lead to a better world.D.Progress defined by
14、a infinite trajectory leads to wisdom问题2选项A.involves the development of the human intellectB.is closely related to social development and evolutionC.is at the expense of tradition and moral valuesD.always remunerates everyone relatively equally问题3选项A.we should aim at solving specific problemsB.we sh
15、ould produce useful resultsC.we become wiser because we accumulate a broad range of knowledgeD.science finds solutions for existing problems and uncovers new problems问题4选项A.unquestionably leads to a more pleasurable existenceB.facilitates prosperity and personal satisfactionC.involves the achievemen
16、t of measurable goalsD.is an inevitable movement forward问题5选项A.past achievements are less important than future aspirationsB.historys successes demonstrate change in knowledgeC.striving without achieving goals is wasted effortD.movement for movements sake is pointless【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实。第一段指出: As progress co
