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1、初高中英语衔接 :句子的基本成分和结构句子是写作的基本单位,只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。一、 英语的句子成分:一) 主语:Walls have ears. ( )He will take you to the hospital. ( )Three plus four equals seven. ( )To see is to believe. ( )Smokin
2、g is not allowed in public places. ( )Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. ( )二)谓语动词由_担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 三)表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_, _的.My father is a prof
3、essor. ( )Whos that? Its me. ( )Everything here is expensive. ( )The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( )Three times five is fifteen. ( )His plan is to seek work in the city. ( )My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( )(四)宾语 表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者
4、。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We havent seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( )(五)定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语
5、时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。They are woman workers. ( )Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. ( )Mary is a beautiful girl. ( )The play has three acts. ( )This is her first trip to Europe. ( )China is a developing country. ( )I have nothing to eat. ( )Those who want to go to Tibet are
6、 to sign their names here. ( )六)状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) Well send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The studen
7、ts came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七)宾语补足语英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成_。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order the
8、re. ( ) I should advise you to get the chance. ( ) I saw him going upstairs. ( ) 八)主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语 I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong.二、简单句的五种基本句型1主语 + 系动词 + 表语1)Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主语 系动词 表语2)The city wi
9、ll become rich.主语 系动词 表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是: “变化”类:_. “感官”类: _. “持续”类:_. 其他:(似乎)_ _ (证明是)_你的故事听起来很有趣。_.把鱼放在冰箱里,否则它会变坏的。_.这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_.这个计划证明是可行的。_.2主语 + 谓语1)Building has started. 主语 谓语2)The train leaves at 7:40.主语 谓语_搭配:The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly._搭配:The girl looked at the p
10、icture. The children ran to the forest.我每天起的很早,走到小花园,坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱,鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏,我玩得也高兴. _.3主语 + 谓语 + 宾语1)The boss employed five more workers.主语 谓语 宾语 2)My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.3)Few students like taking exams.4)He forgot to close the door.5)I hope I can speak English fluently
11、. 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_.他拿出一瓶啤酒,很快将其喝光。_.他许诺给我一个礼物。_.4主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语1)He has fetched us some new textbooks.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语2)Grandma cooked us a nice meal.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 3)The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject. 4)The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.可接双宾语的常见动词有:ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise 1.顺便问一下,她把钱付给你了吗?_.2.下学期谁教你们生物?_.3.Mr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。 _.5主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语1)The villagers didnt allow them to do this.主语 谓语