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1、英语讲座8 亦有规律可循的介词 介词用法比较复杂，但亦有规律可循。 难点磁场 1.()_his wife，his daughter also went to see him. A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for (NMET1986) 2.()What are you doing? Im looking_the children.They should be back for lunch now. A.after B.at C.for D.up (NMET1986) 3.()The doctor will be free_. A.10 minutes
2、 B.after 10 minutes C.in 10 minutes D.10 minutes after (NMET1992) 4.()We offered him our congratulations_his passing the college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of (NMET1993) 5.()How long has this bookshop been in business? _1982. A.After B.In C.From D.Since (NMET1994) 6.()Did you have trouble_the
3、 post office? A.to have found B.with finding C.to find D.in finding (NMET1992) 7.()What do you want to do _those old boxes? To put things in when I move to the new flat. (北京2002) A.by B.for C.of D.with 8.()The train leaves at 6:00 p m. So I have to be at the station_5:40pm. at the latest. A.until B.
4、after C.by D.around (NMET1997) 案例探究 1._production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A.As B.For C.With D.Through (NMET2000) 命题意图：本题根据句意和结构考查介词用法，属于五星级题目。 知识依托：“with+复合宾语”结构。 错解分析：四个选项均为介词，有一定迷惑性。 解题方法与技巧：句中“with+名词（宾语）+副词（宾补）”结构作状语表示原因。例如：Tian An Men looks grander than ever with
5、all lights on.在华灯掩映下，天安门显得更加雄伟壮观。 答案：C 2.The home improvements have taken what little there is _my spare time. A.from B.in C.of D.at (NMET2001) 命题意图：考查介词of的用法，属于五星级题目。 知识依托：little of my spare time.意思是“仅有的业余时间”。 错解分析：B项迷惑性较大，受 in ones spare time短语影响。 解题方法与技巧：of在此表示“中的部分/全部”，与名词little连用。该句为一个含有感叹式宾语从句
6、的主从复合句，连接代词what修饰的是在从句中作主语的名词，little提到从句之首，little前无冠词表示否定，意为“少到几乎没有”，如： I understand little of his speech.他的讲话我几乎没有听懂。 答案：C 锦囊妙计 介词比较复杂，注意以下表示原因的介词。 because of表示引起结果的直接原因，意义与连词because相同。例如： He retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.上个月他因病退休了。 for表示内在的、心理上的原因，常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感名词连用；还可表示
7、某种动作或结果的起因。而连词for则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因。 例如：He trembled for fear.他怕发抖。 Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。 When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.他还是青年时就因为政治原因离开了他的祖国。 by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。例如： Her body was bent by age.岁月使得他的腰也弯了。 The general died by
8、his own hand.将军自杀了。 She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。 at表示某种情绪或动作的起因，多与“喜，怒，哀，乐”等义的词连用，常译作“听到”，“看到”。例如： The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.听到这个消息，全国人民极为悲痛。 He jumped at the news.听到这个消息，他蹦了起来。 on表示能作为依据或条件的原因，常译为“依照”。例如： He has given up smoking on medical advice.他遵照医生的劝告已经把烟戒了。
9、 of和from表原因时常与die或类似意义的词连用。die of指因疾病、饥饿、寒冷，或害怕、羞愧等内因或外因造成的死亡结果；die from表示因伤、事故等外因或不明原因造成的死亡。与疾病名词连用时，二者均可。from还可表示懒惰等造成某种后果的原因。例如： His son having been killed in the war,the man died of a broken heart.儿子死于战争后，老人也因伤心过度而亡。 In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted a
10、ir.寒冷的冬天，大城市里的许多老人死于污染的空气。 She died of /from cancer. 她死于癌症。 He wasnt ill;he stayed in bed from laziness.他没病，他躺在床上只是偷懒。 with指生理上或情感上的外界到内心的原因，意为“随着。”例如：Gessler turned red with anger.盖斯勒气得脸都红了。 owing to,相当于because of，多表示引起某种不良后果的原因。例如： Owing to the rain they could not come.都是因为那场雨他们才没能来。 Owing to his
11、lacking of experience,John failed this time.因为经验不足，这次约翰又失败了。 注：owing to也可表示“欠钱”之意。How much is he owing to you?他欠你多少钱？ thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏”。例如： Thanks to the timely rain,the farmer had a good harvest.多亏那场及时雨，农民才有了个好收成。 out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于”。例如： He asked the question out of curiosity.出于好奇
12、，他提了这个问题。 He did it out of pity.他做那事是出于同情。 歼灭难点训练 1.()As soon as he entered the room, he took_his cap and sat down. A.off B.out C.away D.down 2.()The policeman helped the old woman_the street. A.through B.past C.across D.over 3.()Early_the morning of May 1,we started off_the mountain village. A.in;
13、for B.in; to C.on; / D.on; for 4.()Sports and games can be_great help to us. A.of B.having C.done D.in 5.()Mr Suith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea_2 000 000 dollars. A.at B.for C.to D.by 6.()Whose advice do you think I should take? _. A.Its none of my business B.Its your own busines
14、s C.There is nothing to do with me D.Its up to you 7.()You seemed to be deeply struck by his skill. Not exactly so.It was his courage_ his that really struck me most. A.rather than B.as well as C.but also D.not as 8.()We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decided to_it .It might be valuable. (NMET2002) A.hold on to B.keep up with
