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1、2022年考博英语-中南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Nowadays more and more people are interested in arranging time for exercises and （ ）to release the stress caused by the fast pace and pressure of their lives.问题1选项A.registrationB.illuminationC.mediationD.meditation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。registration 登记；挂号；illumination
2、 照明；阐明；mediation 调解；调停；meditation 冥想；沉思。句意：如今越来越多的人对安排时间锻炼和冥想感兴趣，为了释放生活的快节奏所带来的精神压力。只有D项符合题意。2. 单选题Lenin once argued that a political leader is not only responsible for policy but for the action of those who（ ） it.问题1选项A.assaultB.misleadC.executeD.commend【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项assault“攻击；袭击”；B选项mislead“
3、误导”；C选项execute“实行；执行；处死”；D选项commend“称赞；推荐；把 委托”。句意：列宁曾经说过，一个政治领袖不仅要对政策负责，还要对那些 政策的人的行为负责。能与“政策”相搭配的只有C选项“执行”。3. 单选题Scientists pristine reputation as devotees of the disinterested pursuit of truth has been compromised by recent evidence that some scientists have deliberately （ ） experimental results
4、to flirther their own careers.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.validatedC.exterminatedD.fabricated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。 reinforce “加强”；validate “证实；使生效”；exterminate“根除”；fabricate“制造；捏造”。句意：科学家的原始声誉：即作为对真理进行无私追求的信徒已被近来的证据连累，该证据表明一些科学家为了促进自己的职业生涯发展而故意捏造实验结果。由compromised与experimental results可 知“捏造”符合语境，故D项正确。4. 单选题Inde
5、ed, with computers as basic as a Macintosh, producers can write scripts, budget productions and （ ）schedules and locations all on the same machine.问题1选项A.keep up withB.keep track ofC.keep abreast withD.keep away from【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。Keep up with 赶得上；和 保持联系；keep track of 记录；与 保持联系；keep abreast with 保持
6、与 并列；不落后于；跟上；keep away from 远离；回避。句意：确实，随着计算机如同麦金塔电脑（苹果公司的一种个人电脑）一样简单，生产者可以在同一台计算机上编写脚本、安排生产、记录进度表和生产地点。由write scripts, budget productions与schedules and locations可知B符合。5. 单选题The two paintings by the great artist embody the （ ）style of the times and the impulses that would transform Chinese contempor
7、ary art.问题1选项A.iconoclasticB.heterodoxyC.recluseD.phantasmal【答案】A【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。iconoclastic 打破旧习的；偶像破坏的； heterodoxy 异端，异端邪说；recluse 隐居的；phantasmal 幻影的；幽灵的；空想的。句意：这位伟大的艺术家所作的这两幅画体现了这个时代（ ）风格和将彻底改变中国当代艺术的冲动。由the impulses that would transform Chinese contemporary art.这句中的transform Chinese contempora
8、ry art“彻底改变中国当代艺术”可知空格处所填单词应具有打破旧习的意思，故答案为A。6. 单选题By creating value, a powerful message, you can get people to come to you, instead of trying to （ ）them with your message and brand.问题1选项A.substantiateB.authenticateC.satiateD.smother【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。substantiate“证实”；authenticate“鉴定”；satiate “充分满足”；smo
9、ther“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通过创造价值和强有力的信息，你就能让大家来到身边，而不要尝试用自己的信息和品牌让来让他们感到窒息。instead of表转折，而不要尝试通过 可知空格处所填单词应为贬义词，故答案为D。7. 单选题The scheme should be in operation by the end of the year, and companies will be disciplined, even disconnected, if they（ ）phoning any consumers whose names appear on the register.问题1选项A.
10、stay onB.wait upC.indulge inD.persist in【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项stay on“继续停留”；B选项wait up“不睡而等候”；C选项indulge in“沉湎于”；D选项persist in“坚持；固执于”。句意：该计划将在今年年底前开始实施，如果企业 给登记在案的消费者打电话，它们将受到处罚，甚至被切断网络连接。“企业给消费者打电话”这一行为要受到惩罚的话，应是“执着于打电话”符合题意。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Heat is nothing more than the energy of atoms in motion; so, i
11、f you can slow down atoms, you are cooling them（ ）.问题1选项A.in effectB.next toC.at randomD.in hand【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in effect“实际上；生效”；B选项next to“几乎，差不多；紧挨着”；C选项at random“胡乱地；随便地；任意地”；D选项in hand“在手头；在进行中；在控制中”。句意：热只不过是原子运动的能量；所以，如果你能使原子慢下来，你 是在给它们降温。由句意判断可知，此处“实际上你是在给它们降温”与前半句“热只不过是原子运动的能量”逻辑通顺。因此A选项正
12、确。9. 单选题When giving any general overview of the development and use of machine translation (MT) systems and translation tools, it is important to distinguish four basic types of translation demand.The first, and traditional type of demand is for translations of a quality normally expected from human
13、s, i.e. translations of publishable quality. This illustrates the use of MT for dissemination. It has been satisfied, to some extent, by machine translation systems ever since they were first developed in the 1960s. However, MT system produce output which must invariably be revised or “post-edited”
14、by human translators if it is to reach the quality required. Sometimes such revision may be substantial, so that in effect the MT system is producing a “draft” translation. As an alternative, the input text may be regularized (or “controlled” in vocabulary and sentence structure) so that the MT syst
15、em produces few errors which have to be corrected. Some MT systems have, however, been developed to deal with a very narrow range of text content and language style, and these may require little or no preparation or revision of texts.The second basic demand is for translations at a somewhat lower level of quality, which are intended for users who want to find out the essential
