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1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are that theyll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St.
2、Jean Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote
3、. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无 拘无束白勺)and unrestrained, because each person works for himselfWe have no princes, for whom we toil, starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world. * The promise of a land where “the rewards of a m
4、ans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of illustration of the American success story. Theres Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, sel
5、f-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became Americans best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend million every
6、 year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today its as important to be “successful., in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top
7、in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged i
8、n status symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all. yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.1.
9、 What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?2. By saying “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” (Line 8-9, Para. 1), the author means（ ） .3. The characters described in Horatio Algers novels are people who（ ）.4. It can be inferred fr
10、om the last sentence of the second paragraph that（ ） .5. What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?问题1选项A.People are free to develop their power of imagination.B.People who are honest and work hard can succeed.C.People are free from exploitation and oppression.D.People can full
11、y enjoy individual freedom.问题2选项A.the more diligent one is. the bigger his returnsB.laborious work ensures the growth of an industryC.a mans business should be developed step by stepD.a companys success depends on its employees hard work问题3选项A.succeed in real estate investmentB.earned enormous fortu
12、nes by chancesC.became wealthy after starting life very poorD.became famous despite their modest origins问题4选项A.business success often contributes to a successful marriageB.Americans with to succeed in every aspect of lifeC.good personal relationships lead to business successD.successful business peo
13、ple provide good care for their children问题5选项A.The American road to success is full of nightmares.B.States symbols are not a real indicator of a persons wealth.C.The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.D.What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题
14、:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land.克雷夫柯高度赞扬在这片新土地上所能找到的自由和机会。可知D项“人们可以充分享受个人自由”正确。2.语义题。由The promise of a land where “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe a
15、nd fueled national expansion into the western territories. 在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的进步同步”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。可知一个人的回报与其付出成正比，付出越多，回报越大。故A项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales。霍雷肖阿尔杰(Horatio Alger)是一
16、位为小男孩写小说的作家，他的白手起家的故事成为美国最畅销的作家。可知Horatio是凭借自己的劳动从白手起家到成功致富的人。故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today its as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business. 成功的神话甚至已经侵入了我们的人际关系:今天，在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事业中取得成功一样重要。”可知美国人追求生活各方面
