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1、2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 翻译题1.Washington Irving grasped this fact nearly a hundred years ago when he wrote: The stranger who would form a correct opinion of English character must go forth into the country. He must sojourn in villages and hamlets; he must visit castles, villas, farmhou
2、ses, cottages; he must wander through parks and gardens, along hedges and green lanes; he must loiter about country churches,attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals,and cope with the people in all their conditions and all their habits and humors. 2.The impact of decentralization trends, of
3、course, extends well beyond cities. Sprawling development patterns are destabilizing many of the suburbs that surround Americas cities. Older suburbs are experiencing the same challenges as cities: failing schools,persistent crime, and the loss of jobs and businesses to other, further out suburbs. E
4、ven suburban areas that are developing rapidly are finding that explosive growth has its drawbacks, especially in the form of overcrowded schools, but also in long commutes and the inability of local governments to pay for new roads, sewers, and other infrastructure.【答案】1.华盛顿欧文远在一百年前就把握住了这一事实。他写道：外地
5、人若要对英国人的性格有恰如其分的了解，就必须到乡村去。他应该在乡村小住数日，参观城堡、别墅、农场房屋及村民居住的农舍，逛逛公园、花园，沿着矮树丛及林荫小路溜达；他一定要在教堂里消磨一下时光，参加纪念守护神节日的活动，看看集市，与村民同庆他们的节日，与不同场合的人打交道，了解他们的习惯并欣赏他们的幽默。2.当然，分散化趋势的影响远远超出了城市范围。无序扩张的发展格局破坏着全关各城市周围许多郊区的稳定。年代较久的郊区经受着和市区同样的挑战：学校教育质量每况愈下、犯罪屡禁不止、就业和商业机会流失到其他更远的郊区。即使是发展迅速的郊区也出现了爆炸式增长的弊端，尤其体现在以下几个方面：学校过度拥挤,上下
6、班交通耗时长，当地政府无力出资建造新的道路、下水道和其他基础设施。2. 单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on th
7、is emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobic, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop
8、 muscular mass, strength, and endurance in there primarily male enthusing. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, h
9、owever, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females, Many current program focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and
10、endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benef
11、its as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness Program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activities and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promot
12、ion and Disease Prevention Objectives.1.The word spas(Sentence 2, Paragraph 1) most probably refers to （）.2.Early fitness spas were intended mainly for（） .3.What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?4. People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out
13、 .5. Recent studies have suggested that weight training （）.问题1选项A.sports activitiesB.places for physical exerciseC.recreation centersD.athletic training programs问题2选项A.the promotion of aerobic exerciseB.endurance and muscular developmentC.the improvement of womenD.better performance in aerobic danci
14、ng问题3选项A.PositiveB.IndifferentC.NegativeD.Cautious问题4选项A.how well they could do in athleticsB.what their health condition was likeC.what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD.whether they were fit for aerobic exercise问题5选项A.has become an essential part of peoples lifeB.may well affect the he
15、alth of the traineesC.will attract more people in the days to comeD.contributes to health improvement as well【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:注意关键词“capitalize”，本意是资本累积，在这里指从中获利。能够获利的只有选项B和C，所以首先排除选项A和D。根据上下文的内容，”spas”应该指为健身运动提供场地的健身场所而不是娱乐场所，所以选项B符合原文。第2题:根据第一段“A number of fitness spas.endurance in there primarily male enthusing.”在这项有氧健身运动之前，许多健身中心已经存在，甚至在大多数大城市都有全国性的连锁健身中心。然而，他们的重点并不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养肌肉质量、力量和耐力的举重训练项目，主要是男性的热情。由此可知，选项B符合原文。第3题:根据第一段“since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits.”医学界的观点认为
