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1、_同位语从句一、 同位语从句概述同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有： belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise 等。引导同位语从句的词有连词 that,whether 和副词 how,when,where 等。二、 同位语从句点拨（ 1）同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。注： that在从句中不充当任何成分， 只起连接作用， 通常不省略。 如：Igot the news thathe would cometo see me the next week.（ 2
2、）同位语从句是疑问句时，应根据语境选用who,when ,where,how,whether( 不能用if) 等词来引导。如： The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.（ 3） 分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常把同位语从句后置。如： An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.（ 4） 后面 常 跟 同 位 语 的 词 有 ： doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news
3、,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。注： advice,order,suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) +动词原形。如：Hemade the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off.三、 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（ 1）所表达的内容不同：同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名词的修饰，说明它的性质特征。如： The fact
4、that he presented was a strong proof.他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。（定语从句）The fact that she hadntsaid anything surprised us all.她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊讶。（同位语从句）（ 2）在句中所起的语法作用不同：引导定语从句的that 是关系代词， 它的作用是连接主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that作宾语时可省略，指物时，可以用which 代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，它不充当任何成分， 不能省略，也不可被 which 代替。如 :We
5、 expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit Chinathe next year.我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇第二年到中国来访的愿望。（同位语从句）The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city.我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。（定语从句）（ 3）所修饰的词不尽相同：同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questti
6、on ,精品资料_order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。（ 4）wh- 引导词引导同位语从句时， 有其本身的疑问含义；引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。如；I have no idea where the meeting will be held.（同位语从句）He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch.（定语从句）四、 相关练习(1)There is no obviousevidence_thereis life on any otherplanet int
7、hesolar system.A.which B.that C.how D.where解析：选 B 没有确凿的证据证明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。Evidence 后的同位语从句不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。(2)My friend showed me round the town,_was very kind of him.A.which B.that C.whereD.it解析：选 A 我的朋友领我参观了这个城镇，他真好。非限制性定语从句缺少主语，所以用 which 引导，先行词是前面的整个句子。That 不能引导非限制性定语从句；where 引导定语从句在从句中作状语；it 不能引导从
8、句。(3)Many children,_parentsare away working in big cities,aretakengoodcare of in the village.A.theirB.whoseC.of themD.with whom解析： 选 B 许多孩子的父母远在大城市打工，这些孩子在乡村都得到了很好的照顾。根据句子结构判断，逗号后面是定语从句，从句主语 parents 前缺少定语，故用关系代词 whose 引导。 Their 和 of them 不能引导定语从句； with whom 不能作定语。(4)It s helpfulto putchildren in a s
9、ituation_ they cansee themselvesdifferently.A.that B.whenC.whichD.where(5)Many young people in theWest are expectedto leave_ could be life smost important decision marriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.thatC.whichD.what解析： 选 D 许多西方年轻人可能会把自己一生最重要的决定-婚姻，几乎完全寄托于运气。 Leave 在此是及物动词，表示“把留给某人决定”，所选项引导其
10、宾语从句并在从句中作主语，所以选连接代词what。As 不引导名词性从句； that引导名词性从句不作成分；which 表示选择意义，意为“哪一个” 。精品资料_1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly
11、. A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turneddown.A. which B. that C./ D.it5. I have no idea _ he will start.A. when B. that C. what D./6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the精品资料_meeting wont be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. T
12、he thought _he might failin theexam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order _ the prisonerbe set free arrivedtoo late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are tryingtheirbest to reduce the patientsfear _ he would die of the disease.A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often as
