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1、考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 翻译题Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. (1) One dif
2、ficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human, nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. (2) The behavioral sciences have bee
3、n slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is diffic
4、ult to discover and analyze. (3) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interacti
5、on between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it re
6、places traditional pre-scientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. (4) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and theyre essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduc
7、t and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning values. Who will use a technology and to what ends? (5) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to
8、 be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.【答案】1难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。2行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。3自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。4自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主的人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。5（如果）这些问
9、题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。2. 单选题Earthquakes rank _ forest fires, flood and tornadoes _ major calamities.问题1选项A.with, asB.like, inC.in, asD.for, in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项rank with“与并列”，rank as“列为；看作”；B选项rank like非词组，rank in非词组；C选项rank in非词组，rank as“列为；看作”；D选项rank for非词组，rank in非词组。句意：
10、地震和森林火灾排名_，洪水和龙卷风_重大灾害。综合四个选项，只有A选项都可组成有意义的词组，并且符合地震和森林火灾等级相同，洪水和龙卷风为重大灾害的生活场景。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题_ we know, there are 107 elements found in nature.问题1选项A.As long asB.Just asC.So far asD.For all【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项As long as“只要”；B选项Just as“正像”；C选项So far as，So far as we know“据我们所知”；D选项For all“对于所有”。句意：_，自然
11、界中有107种元素。根据语境，这里C选项So far as比较符合语境，意思指就我们所知道的而言，符合题意。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题The story was said to _ on the information from a reliable source.问题1选项A.being basedB.have been basedC.baseD.be based【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：据说这篇报道所依据的消息来源可靠。根据谓语动词was确定事情已经发生，根据be based on确定保留be动词，确定用被动语态。结合be said to加完语态被动式表示动作已发生并且是被动
12、语态，所以B选项have been based正确。5. 单选题We must improve the farming method _ we may get high yields.问题1选项A.thereforeB.as.C.in order thatD.if【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项therefore“所以”，副词，修饰动词，后面不接句子；B选项as“因为”，连词，后面加句子；C选项in order that“为了；以便”，后面加从句；D选项if“如果”，连词，后面加句子。句意：_获得高产量，我们必须改进耕作方法。根据语境，这里提高产量是目的，C选项in order that
13、“为了；以便”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Spies may have a number of _ names and papers.问题1选项A.artificialB.syntheticC.falseD.pretended【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，an artificial limb“假肢”；B选项synthetic“（用化学物质人工）合成的”，synthetic drugs“合成药物”；C选项false“伪造的”，a false passport“假护照”；D选项pretended“假装的”。句意：间谍可能有许多_的名字和
14、文件。根据语境，间谍为了假冒身份，有许多false“伪造的”文件。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题I always left home for school earlier in the morning _ traffic jam.问题1选项A.in line withB.for the sake ofC.in case ofD.at the risk of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“与一致”；B选项for the sake of“为了”；C选项in case of“以防万一”；D选项at the risk of“冒着的危险”。句意：我总是在早上较早离开家去上学
15、_交通堵塞。根据语境，这里指早点出门是为了不想堵车，C选项in case of“以防万一”符合题意。因此C选项正确。8. 翻译题要想在这个高速发展的社会立足，你必须学会如何处理压力问题。首先，你要重新定位你的生活需求，你真的需要那些如时装或者新车的奢侈品吗？如果你学会了对现有的生活满足，你也许就不会想要再找份工作或者不会在办公室度过周末。其次，定期锻炼身体有益于减压。不管你多忙，都要找时间锻炼，最好是和家人和孩子一起。第三，你应该学会放松。如果你停下去闻闻路边的玫瑰花香，世界不会因此而停止转动。【答案】You have to learn how to deal with stress for possessing a foothold in a society with rapid development. Firstly, you should readjust demand for life. Do you rea
