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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Men live in society not because they are men, but because they are animals. The social way of life is a stage in the evolution of life prior to the appearance of the human race.What is distinctive about man is that he had developed social organization far mor
2、e quickly than any other animal species, so that it is a giant step in complexity between the most elaborate non-human society and the most elementary society of men. Human society shares characteristics with animal societies; it is formed by a given population of individuals, all belonging to the s
3、ame species. It shows an internal specialization of tasks. Individuals interact as members of the same species and possess one common language which sets them apart from other species. The level of population is perpetuated by means of biological reproduction and of constant struggle against the env
4、ironment. Similarities like these became conspicuous when human social organization is compared with that of other primates (灵长目).【答案】【参考译文】人类生活在社会中不是因为他们是人，而是因为他们是动物。社会性的生活方式是生命进化中一个先于人类出现的阶段。人类的独特之处在于他发展社会组织的速度要远远快于任何其他动物物种，所以在区分最复杂的非人类社会和最初级的人类社会之间的复杂性方面，这是一大的进步。人类社会和动物社会具有相同的特点，它是由属于同一物种的特定数量的个体
5、组成；它显示了任务的内部具体化过程。个体作为同一物种的一部分相互接触，拥有着共同的语言，而正是这种语言将他们与其他物种区分开来；通过生物繁衍和与环境的持续斗争，人口数量基本保持不变。当人类社会组织和其他灵长类动物的社会组织作比较时，类似这样的相同之处就变得明显了。2. 单选题The original elections were declared（ ）by the former military ruler.问题1选项A.voidB.vulgarC.surplusD.extravagant【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。void意为“无效的，空的”；vulgar意为“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”
6、；surplus意为“过剩的”；extravagant意为“奢侈的，挥霍的，过分的”。句意：最初的选举被先前军事统治统治者宣布无效。3. 单选题The directions were so（ ）that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。ingenious意为“精巧的，巧妙的，机敏的”；ambitious意为“有野心的，有雄心的”，一般形容人；notorious意为“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous意为“含糊
7、的，不明确的”。句意：这些指示太不明确了，以致不可能完成任务。4. 单选题The Malaysian administration ruled that the evidence about the missing MH370 was inadmissible on the grounds that it was impertinent.问题1选项A.irrationalB.unreasonableC.invalidD.irrelevant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。impertinent意为“不相干的，不恰当的；粗鲁的”；irrational意为“不合理的，荒谬的”；unreasona
8、ble意为“不合理的，荒唐的”；invalid意为“无效的”；irrelevant意为“无关紧要的，不相关的”。句意：马来西亚政府裁定，关于失踪的MH370的证据是不可接受的，因为它是不相关的。5. 单选题He had heard the very bad news; but when he spoke, he _ his remarks to a few hints that sales had slipped.问题1选项A.boundB.polishedC.optimizedD.confined【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bound“绑；装订；包扎；凝固”；B选项polished
9、“抛光，擦亮；修改，润色；（使）完美，改进”；C选项optimized“优化；持乐观态度；使最优化，使完善”；D选项confined“限制，使局限；禁止离开，关押；卧床分娩”。句意：他听到了这个坏消息，但当他对员工们讲话时，他把自己的话_在一些暗示销售下滑的迹象上。此处填“限制”一词最符合句意，所以D选项正确。6. 翻译题人性的完整在于承认自己的缺陷，勇敢地摒弃不现实的幻想而又不以此为缺憾。人性的完整还在于意识到自己能够使悲剧性的人生继续存在下去，能够在失去亲人后依然表现出完整的个人风范。当我们承认瑕疵是构成人性的一部分，同时又能继续在生活中不懈地奋斗，并大大赞美这样的人生价值时，我们就会获得
10、其他人仅能期盼的完整人生。我相信这就是上帝对我们的要求：不求“完美”，也不求“永不犯错误”，而是求得人性的“完整”。【答案】【参考译文】There is a wholeness to human nature that consists in admitting our limitations, in being brave enough to let go of unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so. There is a wholeness about the man or woman who has lea
11、rned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive, can lose someone and be still like a complete person.When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved a wholeness that others can o
12、nly aspire to. That, I believe, is what god asks of usnot “be perfect”, not “do not even make a mistake”, but “be whole”.7. 单选题She has been melancholy for nearly two weeks.问题1选项A.upsetB.sadC.voraciousD.satiated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。melancholy意为“悲伤的，忧郁的”；upset意为“心烦的；混乱的”，指因为受挫而沮丧；sad意为“难过的，悲哀的”，指感情上的悲伤；vo
13、racious意为“贪吃的，求知欲强的”；satiated意为“满足的”。句意：她已经忧郁了将近两周了。8. 单选题She tried to get a copy of the （ ）, so that she could cook the dish herself.问题1选项A.menuB.prescriptionC.recipeD.instruction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。menu意为“菜单”；prescription意为“处方，药方”；recipe意为“食谱”；instruction意为“操作指南，指示，命令”。由后半句she could cook the dish hers
14、elf（她可以自己做饭）可知选C。句意：她试着要一份食谱，这样她就可以自己做饭了。9. 单选题Both parties promised to（ ）the contract to be signed the following day.问题1选项A.keep withB.tangle withC.adhere toD.devote to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。keep with意为“陪伴”；tangle with意为“与吵架，与争论”；adhere to意为“遵循，依附，坚持”；devote to意为“专用于做，专心于做”。句意：双方都承诺遵守次日将要签署的合约。10. 单选题She
15、looked closely at the picture for a long time （ ）every detail in it.问题1选项A.jeopardizingB.visualizingC.dissectingD.scrutinizing【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。jeopardize意为“危及，损害”；visualize意为“使形象化，想象，构思”；dissect意为“解剖(人或动植物)，仔细研究”；scrutinize意为“仔细检查，细致审查”。由空格后的“every detail（每一个细节）”可知D选项更为恰当。句意：她近距离看了这幅画很长一段时间，仔细观察了其中的每一个细节。11. 单选题A number of loopholes
