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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The report criticized the legislature for making college attendance dependent on the ability to pay, charging that，as a result，hundreds of qualified young people would be （ ） further education.问题1选项A.entitled toB.striving forC.deprived ofD.participating in【答案】C【解
2、析】动词词组辨析。entitle to“有权享有，使有资格“;strive for “奋斗”;deprive of“剥夺”; participate in“参与”。句意：这份报告批判了以大学生支付能力决定入学率的立法，结果，数以百计的符合资格的年轻人失去了继续接受教育的机会。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The work in the office was（ ） by a constant stream of visitors.问题1选项A.confusedB.hamperedC.reversedD.perplexed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confuse “使混乱，使困惑”；ham
3、per “妨碍，束缚”；reverse “颠倒，倒转”；perplex “使困惑，使为难”。句意：办公室的工作被接连不断的来访人员妨碍了。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Donor fatigue and （ ） of the countrys poverty are now causing those hopes to wither.问题1选项A.expenditureB.extremityC.wreckageD.supremacy【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。expenditure “支出”；extremity “极端”；wreckage “残骸”；supremacy “至高无上”。句意：捐
4、赠者的疲倦和这个国家的极端贫困导致希望越来越渺茫。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Hardys weakness（ ）his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.问题1选项A.lay inB.gave rise toC.shed light onD.derived from【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。lie in “躺在”；giv
5、e rise to “引起”；shed light on “使.清楚地显出；derive from“源自”。句意：哈代的缺点一方面源于没有能力控制好各种不同的创作冲动，另一方面源于他不愿意去培养和保持那些充满活力和冒险的想法。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题During the 1700s and 1800s, major fighting during wars generally ceased for the winters and armies took up winter encampments. As winter descended upon Pennsylvania in 1777,
6、 General George Washington chose Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, some eighteen miles west of Philadelphia as site of the winter encampment of the Continental Army. The area was far enough away from the British in Philadelphia to discourage surprise attacks and its location between high hills and the Sch
7、uylkill River made it easily defensible.The Continental Army, however, was in bad shape. Of the 12,000 soldiers, many lacked the supplies or clothing to survive the winter and many others were starving at this point. At Valley Forge, defense lines were built along with over 1,000 huts to provide som
8、e relief from the brutal elements.Moisture from rain and melting snow made it impossible for many soldiers to stay dry and allowed for the spread of disease. The only reliable food that the soldiers received was a mixture of flour and water known as “firecake. Occasionally, soldiers received meat an
9、d bread. Furthermore, many soldiers had inadequate supplies of clothing and were forced to endure the winter in tatters and without blankets. Many lacked shoes. Wounded soldiers often died from exposure to the elements. Unsanitary and crowded conditions led to the proliferation of diseases and sickn
10、esses such as typhoid and pneumonia.Over 2,000 people died from such sicknesses.On February 23，1778，former German General Baron von Steuben arrived at Valley Forge to train the Patriots how to march in formation, fire guns quickly, use bayonets and become soldiers. Though von Steuben spoke little En
11、glish, he developed a training manual in French that would be translated on the grounds into English. Unlike many American generals, von Steuben worked directly with the soldiers, endearing him to the thousands suffering at Valley Forge. Von Steubens presence did much to improve the morale of the ar
12、my during the bitter winter and also helped them develop into a more tactical, effective military machine, capable of fighting the British.On June 19, 1778, the Continental Army left Valley Forge in pursuit of the British who were moving north to New York.1.Why did General Washington choose Valley F
13、orge as the site of his armys winter encampment?2.How was Baron Von Steuben different from American generals?3.What was probably the most important contributions made by Baron Von Steuben?4.What happened last?问题1选项A.It was close to a source of water.B.It was warmer than any other encampments.C.Its l
14、ocation made it easy to defend.D.It was the only place where he wouldnt be attacked.问题2选项A.He never worked directly with soldiers.B.He worked directly with soldiers.C.He would go into battle with soldiers.D.He liked the British.问题3选项A.He helped transform the Continental Army into an army that could
15、actually fight the British.B.He taught the soldiers how to use bayonets.C.He taught the soldiers that their Generals did not have to speak good EnglishD.He provided the soldiers with things to laugh about.问题4选项A.The Continental Army learned to fire guns faster and to use bayonets.B.The Continental Army began their pursuit of the British.C.It was April 1778 when the war finally came to an end.D.Baron Von Steuben arrived.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“The area was far enough
