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1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题They have _ most carefully the time and the materials needed to complete the project.问题1选项A.picked outB.left outC.taken outD.figured out【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. picked out 辨认出；挑选 B. left out 排除C. taken out 除掉；带某人出去（吃饭或看电影等） D. figured out 计算出；想出；弄明白【答案】D【考查点】词组辨析。【解
2、题思路】句意：他们已经非常仔细地完成这项工程所需的时间和材料。根据句意，完成这项工程所需的时间和材料是需要他们仔细地计算出来的。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。【句意】他们已经非常仔细地计算出完成这项工程所需的时间和材料。2. 翻译题Now zoom forward to our present time and think of our pre-Internet communication systems as sorts of protozoa (原生动物). What were witnessing today in the realm of cyberspaceth
3、e online reformulation of everything from the way we play and learn to how we shop and trade stocks may represent no less a world transforming change than the spectacular burst of creation so long ago.One notable difference: the primeval organisms did not have a guide book to inform them about what
4、to expect and how to deal with some of the fabulous things to come. We do, in the recently released New Rules for the New Economy by Kevin Kelly, a founding editor of Wired magazine.“The key premise of this book is that the principles governing the world of the softthe world of intangibles, of media
5、, of software, and of serviceswill soon command the world of the hardthe world of reality, of atoms, of objects, of steel and oil, and the hard work done by the sweat of brows.” Kelly writes. “Driving this economic transformation is the combination of shrinking computers and expanding communications
6、,” he says, “We have seen only the beginnings of the anxiety, loss, excitement, and gains that many people will experience as our world shifts to a new highly technical planetary economy.” Does that sound like techno hype?Its barely a taste of the radical and often counterintuitive “rules” that Kell
7、y dishes out. He employs an aphoristic (格言的) and, well, wired style that will easily appeal to geeks and should also turn on any mainstream readers who are a little more than curious about where the digitally rendered world is headed.Where its likely headed, in Kellys words, is “upside down”. Chew,
8、for example, on the idea that “the surest way to smartness is through massive dumbness”. What that means in essence is that tiny computer chips, though relatively “dumb” on their own, can be added to billions of mundane objects and, thereby, yield substantial economic benefits. Such as real time buy
9、ing patterns on everything from shirts to soda cans. In the conventional world of supply and demand where we all grew up, value came from scarcity. As in, diamonds, gold and oil. In a world of digital imperatives, as Kelly correctly points out, “power comes from abundance.” That was a principle that
10、 Apple tragically failed to understand when it backed off from licensing its graphic computer interface, assuring that its market share would be savaged by Microsofts more open Windows operating system, which leads us to another of Kellys hardwired laws: follow the free. In the universe of atoms, as
11、 a resource is consumed it becomes more expensive to produce. As gold is mined, nuggets (天然金块) at first may be easy, and therefore cheap, to find. But when particles of ore must be squeezed out of tons of rock, the price of gold becomes more dear.But in what Kelly terms “the new order”, the law of p
12、lentitude kicks in, leading a savvy company such as Netscape to distribute its Web browser for free in order to sell auxiliary services or products. Similarly, expensive cell phones are offered as freebies (免费的东西) to gain contracts for phone services.Finally, Kelly tells us to look around and see ho
13、w much the world has already changed under our very feet. An American farmer today, for instance, may still get some dirt under his fingernails, but much of his labor is performed under the umbrella of the electronic network. The cab in his tractor has a wireless phone and a satellite linked GPS loc
14、ation device; his home computer is connected to a never ending stream of weather data, grain market reports and moisture detectors in the soil. New Rules for the New Economy suggests that we might even learn something from those plucky life forms that exploded on the scene a half billion years ago.
15、“The qualities needed to succeed in the network economy can be reduced to this: a facility for charging into the unknown.”【答案】【参考译文】现在，放大到我们现在的时代，把我们的互联网前通讯系统想象成原生动物。我们今天在网络空间所看到的一切都在网上重新制定，从我们玩和学的方式到我们如何购买和交易股票可能代表着一个转型世界的变化不亚于很久以前壮观的创造爆发。一个值得注意的不同之处是：原始生物没有一本指南来告诉它们该期待什么，以及如何应对即将到来的一些美好事物。然而，有线杂志的
16、创始人，编辑凯文凯利在最近出版的新经济新规则一书中给我们提供了这样一个指南。凯利写道：“这本书的主要前提是，指导软世界的原则无形的世界、媒体的世界、软件的世界和服务的世界将很快控制硬世界现实的世界、原子的世界、物体的世界、钢铁和石油的世界，以及出卖劳动力的艰苦工作。”他说：“推动这一经济转型的因素是计算机的萎缩和通信的扩大”，并且补充道：“我们看到的仅仅是我们的世界向一个新的高科技全球经济转变时许多人将体验到的焦虑、失落、激动与成就的开端。”这听起来像是科技炒作吗？这一风格仅仅是凯利数落的那种激进的且往往违反直觉的“规则”。他采取的是一种格言式的而且还是联网的方式，很容易吸引那些怪人，而且吸引那些主流读者的兴趣，他们对这个数字化世界的发展前途多少都有点好奇。用凯利的话说，它很可能是“颠倒”的。例如，关于“通过巨大的沉默获得最可靠的
