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1、2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The word “sophism” has an unfavorable connotation and means arguing deceitfully, attempting to turn a poor case into a good one by means of clever but _ reasoning.问题1选项A.implacableB.queerC.fictitiousD.specious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项implacable“不能安抚的，难和解的”，B项queer“奇怪
2、的，异常的”，C项fictitious“虚构的，假想的”，D项specious“似是而非的，外表美观的”。由means arguing deceitfully（意思是欺骗性地辩论）和turn a poor case into a good one by means of clever but _ reasoning（通过聪明但 _ 的推理把一个糟糕的案例变成一个好案例）可知，空格处填入D项符合。句意：“诡辩”这个词有一个不利的含义，意思是欺骗性地辩论，试图通过聪明但似是而非的推理把一个糟糕的案例变成一个好案例。因此，该题选择D项。2. 单选题Verbal art has the ability
3、 to shape out a compelling inner version in some skillfully crated public verbal form.问题1选项A.joyfulB.intricateC.competingD.forceful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。题干compelling“不可抗拒的；令人信服的”。A项“高兴的；快乐的”，B项“错综复杂的”，C项“相互冲突的；相互矛盾的”，D项“强有力的；有说服力的”。因此只有D项符合。句意：言语艺术有能力以一种技巧娴熟的公开言语形式塑造出引人入胜的内部版本。3. 单选题You have to have your
4、 library card with you if you want to borrow books, _?问题1选项A.havent youB.will youC.mustnt youD.dont you【答案】D【解析】考查附加疑问句。附加疑问句，即反意疑问句，指在陈述句后面对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。这个句子的陈述部分用的动词是have to，表示肯定，且是一个实义动词，所以反意疑问句应该使用助动词do的否定，D项符合。A选项存在的前提是前面的陈述句里用了助动词have，如：You have done it, havent you?但是这个句子里面的have to是一个实意动词，A项
5、错误。B项和C项同理，都需要陈述句里有will或must才正确。因此，该题选择D项。4. 单选题You comment that I seem relaxed today. Are you _that Im usually uptight?问题1选项A.ponderingB.intimatingC.indigenousD.intimidating【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。A项pondering为ponder的现在分词，表示“沉思，默想”，B项intimating为intimate的现在分词，表示“暗示，通知”，C项indigenous“本土的，国产的”，D项intimidating为in
6、timidate的现在分词，表示“恐吓，威胁”。前面的句子意思是“你说我今天看起来很放松”，后面提到了uptight（紧张），这与前面相反，可以推测空格处表示“暗示”，B项符合。句意：你说我今天看起来很放松。你是在暗示我平常看起来都是紧张的吗？因此，该题选择B项。5. 单选题Ken loves to argue just for the sake of arguing. With such a _ personality, hes sure to be a trial lawyer.问题1选项A.disputatiousB.captiousC.belligerentD.malicious【答案
7、】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项disputatious“爱争辩的”，B项captious“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”，C项belligerent“交战的，好战的”，D项malicious“恶意的，恶毒的”。根据前半句的意思“Ken喜欢为了争论而争论”可知，A项符合。句意：Ken喜欢为了争论而争论；有这样一个好争辩的性格，他一定会成为一名辩护律师。因此，该题选择A项。6. 单选题In spite of _ reviews in the press, the production of her play was _ almost certain oblivion by enthusiastic audi
8、ence whose acumen was greater than that of the critics.问题1选项A.lukewarmcondemnedB.scathing.exposed toC.lackluster.rescued fromD.sensitive.reduced to【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析和句意理解。A项lukewarm“微温的，无兴趣的”，condemn“指责，谴责”；B项scathing“严厉的”, expose to“暴露于”；C项lackluster“无光泽的，无生气的”，rescue from“从营救”；D项sensitive“敏感的”，reduce
9、 to“减少，缩减到”。review in the press和critics是对应的，所以第一空和critics的观点应该一致，和观众的意见相反。观众的意见是enthusiastic“热情的”，所以必然要否定oblivion“遗忘”，从第二空来看，只有C可能表示否定oblivion。句意：尽管媒体的评论很 ，但她演奏的作品被热情的观众从注定被遗忘的结局里 ，听众比评论家更敏锐。所以C项符合。7. 单选题How do the professional timekeepers of the word determine, to the precise nanosecond, when a new
10、 year begins? They simply consult an atomic clock. And at the end of last month, just in time to ring in the new year, the Hewlett-Packard company, of Palo Alto, California, unveiled the latest in these meticulous time-pieces. For nearly 30 years, the firm has been supplying military and scientific
11、clients with atomic clocks; the most advanced models neither gain nor lose more than a second every 800,000 years. But the newest version, a $54,0000 device the size of a desktop computer, is accurate to one second in 1.6 million yearsfar longer than all of human history to date.It is natural to won
12、der who could possibly need such precision. The answer: practically everyone, at least indirectly. Telephone and computer networks rely on atomic clocks to synchronize the flow of trillions of bits of information around the nation and the world, thus avoiding mammoth electronic logjams. Television a
13、nd radio stations use the clocks to time their broadcasts. Satellite-based navigation systems depend on the devices to measure the arrival time of radio signals to within a tiny fraction of second, allowing users to gauge their location to within a few feet. The armed forces use atomic clocks to hel
14、p track the almost imperceptible motions of continents across the surface of the earth and galaxies and stars across the sky. Even the people who dropped the ball in New York Citys Times Square to signal the start of 1992 relied on a timekeeping source that was pegged ultimately to an atomic clock.T
15、he principle that lies behind all this precision comes out of quantum physics. When an atom is bombarded with electromagnetic radiationin this case, microwavesits electrons shift into a new energy state. Each type of atom responds most readily to a particular frequency of radiation. For the cesium 133 atoms in most atomic clocks, the frequency is 9,192,613,770 vibrations per second. That means that when a microwave beam inside the clock is set exactly to that frequ
