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1、语法复习学案（09.9）No.8-非谓语动词学习目标：1熟悉to do ,doing ,done作相同句子成分时的不同2灵活运用非谓语动词的各种形式I基础知识归纳 实基础，滴水穿石英语动词有一种不受主语限制的形式，称为非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、动 词ing形式和过去分词。（一）非谓语动词的句法作用：类别j-一.作用主语宾语表语定语状语补足语不定式to doVVVVVVing形式动名词VVVV现在分词/VVVV过去分词VVVV1动词不定式和动名词作主语比较动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。 is a good form of exe
2、rcise for both young and old.A. The walk B Walking C To walk D Walk What made Mary so upset?that necklace A.She lost B Her losing CShe losing D. Her lost2动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较不定式表将来；动名词表示习惯性的动作； 现在分词表主语所具有的特征（令人的）;过去分词表示主语所处的状态(感到的)； It isfor me to see so many people come to watch the game A. suprising
3、B.surprised C.surprise D.to surprise3动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较(1) 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如:want, wish, hope, manage，demand, promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect 等。 We agreedhere，but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B meeting C to meet D. to have met(2) 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如:admit，appreciate，avoi
4、d，con- sider, delay，dislike，enjoy，escape， excuse，finish，forgive，imagine， keep, mind，miss，practise，resist， risk，suggest，deny 等。 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missedA. catching B to be caught C being caught D to catch I would appreciateback this afternoon A. you to call B you call C you calli
5、ng D youre calling(3) 有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，如: love, like，hate，prefer，intend，start， continue 等。I intend to finish / finish- ing the task this morning (4) 有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如:forget, remember， mean，regret，stop，try 等。1) forget to do忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)2）stop to
6、do停止、中断（某件事）目的是去做另一件事stop doing停止正在或经常做的事3） remember to do记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事（已做）4）regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5）try to do努力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法6）mean to do打算，有意要mean doing意味着7）go on to do继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）need, want, deserve,require + 动名词（主动表被动意义）=ne
7、ed,want, deserve,require + 不定式被动态 一The light in the office is still on. h, I forgot .A. turning it off B turn it off C to turn it off D having turned it off 一You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well, now I regretthatA. to do B. to be doing C to have done D. having donesb/sth. +
8、be+said/reported/considered等+不定式，不定式有时态和 语态的变化-Liming is saidabroad Do you know which country he studied in Yes.ln London.A. to have studied B.to study C.to be studyingD.to have been studying（6）表希望，打算，计划等的词+to have done表原本希望，打算，计划干而未I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours
9、to finish a report A to go B.to have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone4、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语比较(1) 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语，如：ask, tell, order,want, wish，warn， allow，advise，permit，forbid 等。The patient was warnedoily food after the operation (NMET1996)A. to eat not B eating not C not to eat D. not eating(2) 有些动词
10、后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语， 但意义不同A 感官动词 see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel 等 + 宾语 + do/doing/done(此结构中do表动作的全过程,doing表动作在进行，done表 被动完成)B使役动词get+宾语+to do /doing/done使役动词 have+宾语+do/doing/done使役动词make+宾语+do /doing说明：上述结构中变为被动语态时doing,done词形不变，而不带to的不定式 要变为to do形式。Paul doesnt have to be made. He alway
11、s works hard A. learn B to learn C learned D learningThe manager discussed the plan that they would like so see the next year. (NMET 2000)A. carry out B carrying outC carried out D to carry out5不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较（1）不定式作定语表示“将要”。He was the last one to leave school yesterday昨天他是最后一个 离开教室的。The train to ar
12、rive was from London .将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来 的。注意1）当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时也用不定式作定语。2）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot等习惯上用不定式做定 语。（2）动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的 动作或表被修饰词的特征（令人的）。a swimming pool动名词作定语，a swimming fish现在分词作定语。aninteresting film（3）过去分词作定语表被动或者被修饰词所处的状态（的）6不定式，分词作状语比较（1）动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词，
13、表示（出现某种情绪的）原因、目 的和（出乎意料的）结果，（2）现在分词作状语修饰动词和句子，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和 结果。（3）过去分词作状语表示时间，原因，条件，伴随状况或方式。说明：a非谓语动词形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致;b特殊情况：如 Generally speaking, Tom is fit for his job.Judging from what you said, Tom is fit for his job.His family was too poorto support him .他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。 （结果）He went
14、out shutting the door behind him他出去后将门随手关上。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarmA. To sleep B Sleeping C Sleep D Having sleptmore attention, the trees could have grown better. （MET 1990）A. Given B To give C Giving D Havin
15、g givenII. 非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never.Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for helpNot to miss the train,he got up earl y.III、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式 完成式进行式不定式 （主动）to do to have done to be doing（被动）to be doing to have been doneing 形式（主动）doing having done（被动）being done having been donezhu过去分词（被动）donesuch heavy pollution already, it may now be
