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1、2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Around two minutes after launch, the boosters on either side of the shuttle will fall away, followed shortly afterwards by the giant external fuel tank _ to the spaceship.问题1选项A.claspedB.strappedC.hinderedD.clustered【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. clasped握紧；扣紧 B. strapped用带
2、子系（或捆、扎、扣）好C. hindered阻碍；妨碍 D. clustered群聚；聚集【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词the giant external fuel tank（巨大外部燃料箱）和spaceship（飞船），结合常识可知，燃料箱是紧紧固定在飞船上的，故空格处表示“固定”符合句意，B项词义符合该意思，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】发射大约两分钟后，航天飞机两侧的助推器将脱落，紧随其后的是固定在飞船上的巨大外部燃料箱。2. 单选题There is much discussion today about the need for the g
3、overnment to _ the theater.问题1选项A.substituteB.subsidizeC.subscribeD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. substitute代替；取代 B. subsidize资助；补助C. subscribe申请；预订 D. subordinate使从属于【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词government和theater，结合四个选项可知，政府对于剧院应该是资助，故该题选择B项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】今天有很多关于政府资助剧院的必要性的讨论。3. 单选题The _ of ma
4、terialism has dominated the thinking of young people and led them to pursue as much personal gains as possible.问题1选项A.lureB.temptC.seduceD.induce【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. lure吸引力；诱惑力n. B. tempt引诱；诱惑v.C. seduce诱奸v. D. induce劝说；诱使v.【考查点】名词和动词辨析。【解题思路】分析句子可知，The _ of materialism是句子的主语，主语应该为名词、代词或名词性短语，所以空格处要填入
5、一个名词，故只有A项符合条件。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都是动词，不符合句子语法结构。【句意】物质主义的诱惑主导了年轻人的思想，使他们尽可能地追求个人利益。4. 翻译题One of the most important and effective uses of language is the emotional. It is also, of course, wholly legitimate. We do not talk only in order to reason or to inform. We have to make love and quarrel, to propitiat
6、e and pardon, to rebuke, to console, intercede, and arouse. “He that complains,” said Johnson, “acts like a man, like a social being.” The real objection lies not against the language of emotion as such, but against language which, being in reality emotional, masqueradeswhether by plain hypocrisy or
7、 subtle self-deceitas being something else.【答案】语言最重要、最有效的一种用途就是表达感情。这当然也完全是合情合理的。我们说话不止是为了讲道理、说事情。我们还要表达爱情、与人争吵、劝诫抚慰、宽恕原谅、调解、激发他人。约翰逊说过：“会抱怨的人行动起来才像一个人，才像一个社会的人。”我们真正要反对的并不是这种表达感情的语言，而是那种实质是表达感情，但却通过十足的虚伪或者是巧妙的自欺，伪装成别的东西的语言。5. 单选题Russias government has, in effect, defaulted on its debt; its economic
8、 predicament worsens by the day.问题1选项A.dangerB.depressionC.slumpD.crisis【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. danger危险；风险 B. depression抑郁；不景气C. slump（销售量、价格、价值等的）骤降；萧条期 D. crisis危机；危难时刻【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据前半句句意“俄罗斯政府已经拖欠债务”，结合关键词worsen可推知，economic predicament是指经济危机，predicament在句中指“危机，困境”的意思，D项词义与之相近，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项
9、不符合划线单词词义。【句意】事实上，俄罗斯政府已经拖欠债务；它的经济困境日益恶化。6. 单选题Churchills inspiring speeches helped _ his countrymen to fight against the enemy.问题1选项A.rallyB.allyC.resembleD.ramble【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. rally召集；集合 B. ally与结盟C. resemble看起来像；显得像 D. ramble漫步；漫谈【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息to fight against the enemy（与敌人作战）可知，_ his
10、 countrymen是指“召集他的国民”，该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】丘吉尔鼓舞人心的演说帮助他的国民团结起来与敌人作战。7. 不定项选择题Junk food is everywhere. Were eating way too much of it. Most of us know what were doing and yet we do it anyway.So heres a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson
11、from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how its displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” no
12、te the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that dont assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substancelike foodof which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of
13、peoples behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol arent handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配)
14、 based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets,
15、particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that arent primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you cant buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where theyre easily seen. One cou
