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1、中国是一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史 悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的 丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文 化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过 悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最 具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、 徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。 中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪 方法区分的，各有其长处。汉译英:China is a time-honored multinational country with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its uni
2、que abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan, Yue, Min, Su, Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, wh
3、ich are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为 一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装(costume)、 脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的 服装 类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵 者的服装缀满精美的刺绣；穷困者的服装 则简单朴
4、素，少有装饰(eleme ntal)。脸谱 是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是 用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比 如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正 直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林 好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用 于神佛(divi nity and Buddhism)等。汉译英:Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask
5、 are more popula r with people Diffe rent styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different cha racte rs.The reare moredec or ations in the costumes of nobles, while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can r eflect qualities of diffe rent cha racte rs. F
6、acial masks using diffe rent colo rs are important ways to portray a cha racte r. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks In general , white usually repr esentstr eachery, blackrepr esentsrighteousness, yellowrepresents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters ,
7、 while gold and silve r repr esent divinity andBuddhism 孔子(Con fUcius)是一位思想家、政治家， 教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School )思 想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个 道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人 (Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国 思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子 在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。汉译英Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru Sch
8、ool of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung Fung You-Ian, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought,compa resConfuciusinfluence in Chinese history with that of Soc rates in the West
9、中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰 益流行，同时也催 生了一批具有高学历， 充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他 们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月 光族(the moonlight group)。“月光族” 一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺 那 些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受 快餐文化(fast food culture)的 年轻人。参考译文Chinas economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each
10、 passing day. At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way. Theyre used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called t6the moon-light group”. This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of th
11、ose bom into wealth， who have received a high educa tion, and whoap-preciate fast food culture.中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的 商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫 作“扇汗”(Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来 挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗” 有点像现在的雨伞。后来“扇汗”变成了 由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的 长柄扇，称为中山扇(Zhangshan fan),它主 要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装饰。参考答案：The history of
12、Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago ， around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strongsunshine and shelter thepassengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit like todays umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a
13、 long-handled fan made of t hin and to ugh silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperors honour guard as decoration.这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须经常 探望年龄超过60岁的父母，并确保他们经济 和精神上的需求得到满足。星期二，新华社 报导了 条新闻，来自江苏市无锡市的一位 77岁的老太太起诉她的女儿忽略她。这是新 法律生效后的第一起案件，当地法院规定她 的女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并提供财力 支持
14、。但是这项法律引发了争议。有人说这 给了那些因为工作、学习或者其他原因搬离 家乡的人更多压力。汉译英：A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older t han 60 to vis it t heir pare nts “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met. On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman fr
15、om Jiangsu cityof Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her. In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support. But the laws introduction has proved controversial. Some say it puts too muc
16、h pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公布的数据显示， 中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人 去年花在出境游上的支出膨胀至1020亿美 元，同2011年相比增长了 40%。联合国世界 旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说， 这一增幅令中国迅速超越德国和美国。后两 者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个国家。 2012年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增长 6%,约840亿美元。译文：The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the
