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1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of g
2、iant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest time，when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always en
3、gaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sunbaked clay，but with battlements, turrets, loopholes，drawbridges, etc. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; e
4、very clan，its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has
5、 been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however，be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike
6、 by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the
7、 second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in
8、 ones own house and fire at ones neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag，and at hitherto unheard of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glori
9、ous products of science. Riflethieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The
10、 action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing，advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no
11、 more than fair)，but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply c
12、ome, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the“butcher and bolt policy” to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in par
13、ticular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road
14、people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.1.The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid” in the first paragraph means _.2.Which
15、 of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?3.According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed _.4.Building roads by the British _.5.A suitable title for the passage would be _.问题1选项A.loansB.accountsC.killingsD.bargains问题2选项A.Melting snows.B.Large population.C.Stee
16、p hillsides.D.Fertile valleys.问题3选项A.the introduction of the rifleB.the spread of British ruleC.the extension of luxuriesD.the spread of trade问题4选项A.put an end to a whole series of quarrelsB.prevented the Pathans from carrying on feudsC.lessened the subsidies paid to the PathansD.gave the Pathans a much quieter life问题5选项A.C
