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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Everybody, students and teachers alike, （ ） glad that Jack has signed up for the composition contest.问题1选项A.areB.isC.doD.does【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词 。glad为形容词，表示“高兴的，乐意的”，需与be动词搭配，故排除C、D选项。students and teachers alike为插入语，是对主语everybody的解释说明，不影响谓语动词的选择，因此谓语动词应选用is，故本题正
2、确答案为B选项。2. 单选题Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sus
3、tainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture lias changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agricultu
4、re in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients（营养成分）captured in the product it w
5、as relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat（栖息地）Ioss and
6、 to diminishing biodiversity.Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050, yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regio
7、ns.All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the
8、notion that agriculture can be zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反两方 而)of all
9、the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than t
10、hat of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.1.How do people often measure prog
11、ress in agriculture?2.Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in （ ）.3.What does the author think of traditional fanning practices?4.What will agriculture be like in the 21st century ?5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?问题1选项A.By its productivityB.By its sust
12、ainabilityC.By its impact on the environmentD.By its contribution to economic growth问题2选项A.Localized pollutionB.the shrinking of farmlandC.competition from overseasD.the decrease of biodiversity问题3选项A.They have remained the same over the centuries.B.They have not kept pace with population growth.C.T
13、hey are not necessarily sustainable.D.They are environmentally friendly.问题4选项A.It will go through radical changesB.It will supply more animal productsC.It will abandon traditional fanning practicesD.It will cause zero damage to the environment问题5选项A.To remind people of the need of sustainable develo
14、pment.B.To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.C.To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.D.To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词measure progress in agriculture定位至第一段: This is especially true in agric
15、ulture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives (这一点在农业领域表现得尤为突出，在该领域中，人们常常在未从历史、文化的角度予以适当考虑的情况下，认为可持续发展史衡量农业进步的唯一方法),因此B项 “可持续性”正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Specialization和increase yields定位至第三段: Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields (来自海外的竞争压力使得农民们不得不进行专门的研究来增加作物的产量),该段还指出: However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity (但是，这些变化也导致栖息地的损失和生物多样性的不断减少),故选D“生物多样性的减少”。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词traditional fanning practices定位至第
