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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题On the first day of the US federal government shutdown, a Californian resident may not yet feel the impact, but many Chinese tourists are unhappy and their tour guides nervous. Tony Lu has run a travel agency in Los Angeles for 20 years. Four tourist groups fro
2、m Chinas mainland organized by his agency are currently travelling around the United States. They are suffering different kinds of impact from the federal government shutdown, which led to the close of 401 national parks, Smithsonians 19 museums and galleries and the National Zoo. “Compared to the 1
3、995-1996 shutdown, this time is more serious to us. We run mostly Chinese market business and there are many more Chinese tourists groups now than 17 years ago,” he said.“Our clients are complaining. The tour guides explained to them that even the US President Barack Obama cannot solve the problem i
4、mmediately,” he said. Some of the groups have to change their itineraries (行程)as they cannot enter Yellowstone National Park or the Lincoln Memorial, nor can they have a close look of the Statue of Liberty, all of which are among the most popular tourism sites.According to National Park Services, th
5、e national parks have about 715,000 visitors per day on average in October. But now, visitors are being turned away.Although theres no figure yet of how many Chinese tourists are affected by the shutdown, some are expressing their sadness online. “I want to cry,” wrote Ms He to her WeChat (微信)friend
6、s. She had been looking forward to her sightseeing trip to the US for a long time.But soon after she landed, she learned that the Statue of Liberty, Lincoln Memorial and many other tourist attractions on her list would be closed.“Nobody will give any compensation to these Chinese tourists. The Senat
7、e and the Congress will definitely not,” said Lu, “And we have to do more to make them feel better, such as explaining the situation to them and helping some of them modify their travel plans. Hopefully the federal government shutdown ends soon.”Nearly 1.5 million Chinese traveled to the US last yea
8、r, according to the Office of Travel and Tourism Industries of the US Department of Commerce.Chinese companies doing business in the US may also be affected if the federal regulatory agencies and other services do not resume work soon.【答案】美国联邦政府关门第一天，一个加利福尼亚的居民可能觉得没有影响，但许多 中国游客却不开心，他们的导游也很紧张。托尼鲁在洛杉矶
9、经营一家旅行社20年。由他的旅行社接待的来自中国大陆的四个旅游团目前正在周游美国。他们正因联邦政府关门而遭受着不同程度的影响，联邦政府关门导致了 401个国家公园、史密森尼的19家博物馆和画廊以及国家动物园的关闭。“相比1995- 1996年的关门，这次对我们来说更严重。我们主要经营中国市场业务，和17年前相比，现在有更多的中国游客群，”他说。“我们的客户在抱怨。导游解释说就连美国总统奥巴马也不能立即解决问 题，”他说。因为他们不能进入黄石国家公园或林肯纪念堂，也不能近距离观察自由女神像，一些旅行团不得不改变行程。而所有景点这些都列在最受欢迎的旅游网站上。据国家公园的服务中心，在10月国家公园
10、平均每天有715000名游客。但是现在， 游客却遭到拒绝。虽然还没有数据显示有多少中国游客受关闭影响，但一些人在线表达了他们的伤心。“我想哭，”何女士在微信上写给她朋友。她期待着她的美国观光之旅很长时间了。但她下飞机不久后，她了解到她清单上的自由女神像、林肯纪念堂和许多其他旅游景点将被关闭。“没人会给这些中国游客任何补偿。参议院和国会绝对不会，”托尼鲁说， “我们必须做更多的工作来让他们觉得好一点，比如向他们解释情况，帮助他们中的一 些人修改他们的旅行计划。希望联邦政府关门这件事很快结束。”根据旅游局和美国商务部的旅游机构，去年有大约150万中国人前往美国。如果联邦监管机构和其他服务没有很快恢
11、复工作的话，在美国经商的中国公司也可能受到影响。2. 翻译题One of the dilemmas of this decade has been whether to approach modem education in terms of the generalist or the specialist. Some universities require all students to take a common core of courses from a broad range of disciplines, appealing to the generalist approach
12、to education. Yet, choosing the core courses in light of todays explosion in information and diverse multicultural student populations has not been an easy task. How does one select what it is that everyone should know? Other universities continue to tailor their courses to the more immediate profes
13、sional needs of their students, appealing to the specialist approach to education. But without a core curriculum, students often lack the shared knowledge necessary to participate effectively in an integrated society.【答案】这十年我们所面临的矛盾之一，究竟应该从通才还是专才的角度来看待现代教育。有些大学要求所有的学生都要选修一门涵盖广泛学科的共同核心课程，这对通才教育很有吸引力。
14、但是，考虑到今天的信息爆炸和学生来自不同的文化背景，选择共同课程不是一件容易的事。如何确定哪些是每个人都应该知道的东西？另一些大学强调专才教育，根据学生更直接的专业需要来调整他们的课程。但是没有一个共同课程，学生常常缺乏有效参与一个综合的社会所需要的共同知识。【解析】这十年我们所面临的矛盾之一，究竟应该从通才还是专才的角度来看待现代教育。有些大学要求所有的学生都要选修一门涵盖广泛学科的共同核心课程，这对通才教育很有吸引力。但是，考虑到今天的信息爆炸和学生来自不同的文化背景，选择共同课程不是一件容易的事。如何确定哪些是每个人都应该知道的东西？另一些大学强调专才教育，根据学生更直接的专业需要来调整
15、他们的课程。但是没有一个共同课程，学生常常缺乏有效参与一个综合的社会所需要的共同知识。3. 单选题Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seal to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the oceans surface and la
16、st for over 70 minutes. Recent field studies, however, suggest that during more typical dives in the wild, this seals physiological behavior is different.In the laboratory, when the seal dives below the surface of the water and stops breathing, its heart beats more slowly, requiring less oxygen and its arteries become constricted, ensuring that the seals blood remains concentrated near those organs mos
