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1、中考英语 动词不定式考点精讲精练 外研版动词不定式的用法动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首（谓语动词用单数形式）。如：To learn English well is very important.常用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。如It is very
2、important to learn English well.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It isadj.for sb.to do sth. 一般的形容词如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, exciting等。例Its very interesting for him to do this kind thing.2. It isadj.of sb.to do sth. of sb一般用表示人的性格，品质或感情、态度的形容词。如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, rude, brave, stupid, sill
3、y等。如：Its really kind of you to help me .3. It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作宾语I) 常见的只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, need, decide, ask, learn, hope, begin, agree, plan, refuse, seem, wish, fail，choose, manage(设法),pretend(假装),promise(答应
4、), expect(期望) afford(付得起)，例句： 1.I want to take some books to the library. 2.They need to plant some trees.3.I decide to do my homework at night. 4.He hopes to see you soon.注意：think, find, feel, make, believe等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. +to do sth.”句型( it作形式宾语).例：1.I find it important to learn English well. 2
5、.I think it necessary for us to have a good rest.II) 注意 1)下列动词只能跟动名词(doing)：enjoy喜欢,finish完成,keep保持,继续,mind 介意, practise练习,miss错过, suggest建议,consider,考虑, avoid避免, escape逃脱, imagine想象, allow允许,prevent阻止, forgive原谅. 例：You should practise speaking English every day. Would you mind going with her?He enj
6、oyed collecting stamps. You shouldnt keep thinking about it. 2)下列词组只能接动名词：be busy (in)(忙于做某事),be good at(擅长), give up(放弃) be afraid of(害怕)，feel like（想要），be worth(值得),have difficulty/trouble (in)（做某事有困难）, have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in), How/what about,thank you for, think of /
7、about(想起),succeed in (成功) ,keep on(一直),cant help(禁不住), insist on(坚持),preventfrom(阻止), pay attention to(注意), look forward to(期望), preferto(更喜欢),be(get) used to(习惯于),devote oneself to(将奉献给)几个惯用的动词不定式:be afraid to do sth害怕干某事,be sure to do确定干某事,be pleased to do干某事高兴,be happy to do干某事高兴,be ready to do 准
8、备干某事(几乎所有介词，不管是单个介词还是介词词组都可跟动名词).如:1.Thanks for helping me . 2.Father gave up smoking. 3.The book is worth reading.4.I cant help laughing. 5.I prefer reading to writing. 6.He is used to living in the countryside.7.I am tired of working here.8.He is looking forward to visiting Beijing.III) 一些常见的动词后面接
9、不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：A. forget to do忘记去做某事(此事未做);forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做)。B. stop to do停止、中断(某件事)，去做另一件事; stop doing停止正在做的事。C. remember to do记住去做某事(未做); remember doing记得做过某事(已做)。D. try to do努力、企图做某事; try doing试验、试一试某种办法。E. go on to do sth接着做另一事; go on doing sth继续做同一件事。F. mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味
10、着。如：1. Please stop to have a rest if you feel tired.2. Why didnt you buy some bread?Sorry, I forgot to take some money with me.3. I remembered seeing him in Qindao last year. (love喜欢,hate憎恨,like喜欢,prefer更喜欢,continue继续,start, begin开始)既可接动名词可接不定式作宾语且意义相同.如：. It has started to rain /raining.开始下雨了。三、作宾补
11、I) 常见的跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask要求,want想要,tell告诉,wish希望，like喜欢,teach教,invite邀请,advise,建议,allow允许,order命令,encourage鼓励,warn告诫,permit允许,persuade说服,force强迫,get让,beg请求,require要求1.The doctor told her not to eat too much meat. 2.Mother asked me not to play games.3.I wish you to go to the meeting with me.4. I invite
12、d him to come to my party.注意：不定式作宾语或宾补的常用动词有：ask, want，wish，expect，promise 等。如：I want to visit the zoo. I want him to visit the zoo.II)下列动词后应跟省略to的不定式作宾补： “一感”(feel); “二听”(hear, listen to) ;“三使”(make, let, have); “四看”(see, watch, notice, look at) ;“半帮助”(help)如：1.Let me help you . 2.I heard her sing
13、in the next room just now.3.Nothing makes me stop studying . 4. This afternoon I watched them play football.5.I often help mum (to) clean the house.注意：但改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。如：He was seen to break the window.III) 注意（1）see/watch/hear/notice /find + sb.+ do sth. “看到/听到/注意到/发现某人做某事”，注重看或听的动作的全过程。如：I saw him
14、 come into the classroom.（2）see/watch/hear/notice/find + doing sth. “看到/听到/注意到/发现某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。如：I heard her singing in the next room.四、作表语 动词不定式作表语，一般放在系动词be, seem的后面。主语常是wish, idea, task, job ,aim等. 例：1.My job is to feed the animals. 2. My wish is to be a doctor. 3. His uncle seems to be very
15、happy. 4.The important thing is to save time. 五、作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。例如：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：way, time , place, promise, way, wish等。如：I have a chance to meet the foreigners. There is no time to think.1.由only, first, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名
16、词常用不定式作定语。例句：The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. He is the third one to get to the top of the mountain.2、不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,动词不定式与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系。例：I have a lot of work to do.Can you give me something to eat.I have a big house to live in.（注：如果不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系，不定式动词是不及物动词，则须加适当的介词。如：I need a pen to write
