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1、第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化（The third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environment）integrated physical geographyintegrated physicalgeography第3章自然地理环境的时间演化规律integrated physical geography第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律提纲:一、自然地理环境发展的方向性二、自然地理环境的节律性三、自然地理环境的稳定性四、自然地理环境的发展演化五、自然地理环境时间演化基本特点integrated phys
2、ical geography第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律自然地理环境的演化? 从低级向高级? 从简单到复杂? 不断发展变化第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律integrated physical geography1. 岩石圈发展的方向性(1) 地壳的演化? 地槽区 (活动区)? 地台区 (相对稳定区)? 地洼区 (新的活动区)第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律integrated physical geography(2) 地貌的发展戴维斯 (davis) 地貌侵蚀循环理论:幼年期青年期壮年期老年期(3) 风化壳的发育及土壤的形成波雷诺夫 () 的风化发育阶段:物理风化 - 化学风化富
3、钙阶段富硅铝阶段富铝铁阶段integrated physical geography2. 大气圈发展的方向性? 原始大气: H2O、CO、CO2、N2、NH3和CH4? CO2大气: o2 、CO2逐渐增多? 现代大气: N2、O2大气3. 水圈发展的方向性? 水圈中水体总量逐渐增大? 海水性质由酸性到弱碱性变化? 海水含盐浓度逐渐增大第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律integrated physical geography第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律integrated physical geography(1) 生命起源无机物简单有机物复杂有机物多
4、分子体系原始生命? 从无机小分子物质有机小分子物质? 从有机小分子物质有机高分子物质? 从有机高分子物质多分子体系? 从多分子体系原始生命?第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律integrated physical geography(2) 生物进化第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律integrated physical geography? 植物演化:?藻类蕨类裸子植物被子植物第3章 自然地理环境的时间演化规律integrated physical geography? 动物演化?单细胞动物Invertebrate n.Fish n.Amphibian n.Reptile n.Mammal n
5、.Human beingsThe third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environmentIntegrated Physical GeographyOutline:I. the direction of the development of the natural geographical environmentTwo, the rhythm of natural geographical environmentThree, the stability of the natural geographi
6、cal environmentFour, the development and evolution of natural geographical environmentFive, natural geographical environment, time evolution, basic characteristicsThe third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environmentIntegrated Physical GeographyRhythm (rhythm, rhythm, rhyth
7、m, me, m):The change law of natural geographical process (and its phenomena) with time is called the rhythm of natural geographical environment, which is called rhythm, rhythm and rhythmPeriodic rhythms?Cyclic rhythmPhasic rhythmThe third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical env
8、ironmentIntegrated Physical Geography1. periodic rhythmCircadian rhythmMonthly rhythmSeasonal rhythmThe third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environmentIntegrated Physical Geography2. cycle rhythmA repetition of the intervals, lengths, or intervals of unequal intervals.Geo
9、logical cycles?Climate cycle?The third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environmentIntegrated Physical Geography(1) geological cyclesThe sedimentary sequence of strata reflects the rhythm of geological cycles very clearlyFor example, the stratigraphic section is updated by t
10、he oldRecurring:Conglomerate sandstone shale limestoneReflect: from the regression to transgression or from the crust rose to decline cycle rhythm.The third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environmentIntegrated Physical GeographyThe geological cycle rhythm lasted for a long
11、 timeSuch as:Garito period: 200 million years, the first half of the crust subsidence is dominant, the second half of the crust rise is dominant, with the settlement of transgression or fold movement.Hercynian period: a shorter duration, 125 million years, the first half of the settlement is also do
12、minant, and the latter half to rise to advantage.The third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environmentIntegrated Physical Geography(2) climate cycleClimate changeFor more than 600 million years, the history of the earths climate has been characterized by alternating periods
13、 of warm and cold periods. In addition, there is a dry wet changeIntra cycle cycles?Over century cycle?Glacial interglacial cycleThe third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environmentIntegrated Physical GeographyCentury cycle?The fluctuation cycle is shorter in a few yearsWi
14、thin a few decades.Common cycles: 22-23 and 35 yearsZhu Kezhen: the rise and fall of temperature in ChinaThere are 50-100 years cycle.The third chapter is the temporal evolution of natural geographical environmentIntegrated Physical GeographyWang Shaowu:Climate trends in China in twentieth Century:Precipitation: dry to wet 10 year cycleTemperature: warm to cold 20 years cycleA precipitation temperature: warm dry and cold wetCold dry wet warm dry 40 year cycleThe third chapter is the temporal
