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1、直接引语和间接引语:引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。一这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句He said,Im very glad.”他说：“我很高兴。”He said that he was very glad他说他很高兴。，(2)一般疑问句变为以whether或if引导的宾语从句He said，“Can you come this afternoon，John?” 他说：“约翰，你今天下午能来吗？”He asked whether John could com
2、e that afternoon他问约翰下午是否能来厂(3）特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when There等疑问词引导的宾语从句He said，“Where is Mr. NIang?”他说：“王先生在哪儿？”He asked where Mr. Wang; was他问王先生在哪儿(4)间接引语中的谓语动词与主句中的谓语动词在时态上要保持一致。直接引语改为间接引语时，如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态，宾语从句中的动词时态则要随主句的谓语动词时态作相应的改变。其变化规则如下表所示直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时（但客观真理仍用一般现在时）现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过
3、去时过去完成时（但从句中有明确一般将来时过去将来时“I am a student，”lie said-He said he was a student“I have learnt the poem by heart，”he said.-He said he had learnt the poem by heart“Li Ping found his lost book，”he said.-He said Li Ping had found his lost hook.直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时时，如果与一个具体的表示过去时间的状语连用，变为间接引语时，时态可以不变。My father s
4、aid to me，“I read the hook in 1986”- My father told me that lie read the hook in 1986当直接引语表达的是客观真理时，变为间接引语时，时态可以不变。The geography teacher said to us，“The earth turns around the sun-The geography teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun(5)直接引语变为间接引语时指示代词、地点状语、时间状语和某些具有方向性的动词应作相应的改变，列表如下：直接引
5、语间接引语this（这）that（那）these（这些）those（那些）now（现在）then（那时）today（今天）that day（那天）yesterday（昨天）the day before（前一天）last year（去年）the year before（前一年）ago（以前）before（以前）tomorrow（明天）the next day（第二天）next month（下个月）the next month（第二个月）here（这儿）there（那儿）come（来）go（去）bring（带来）take（拿去）She said to me，“I live here five ye
6、ars ago.一She told me she lived there five years before.“I will do it today,”he said一He said he would do it that day“I did it yesterday，”lie said一He said he did it the day beforeHe said to me,“I will see her next week”一He told me lie would see her the next week(6)句型变化直接引语为疑问句时句型的变化直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应变化外，还应注意：a间接引语应改用陈述语序。b特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。c.一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词(whether或if )直接引语为祈使句时句型的变化当直接引语为祈使句时，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask, invite, advise, warn, tell, order等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。
