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1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题In Americans fiercely adversarial legal system, a good lawyer is essential. Ask O.J. Simpson. In a landmark case 35 years ago, Gideon V. Wainwright, a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that indigent defendants must be provided with a lawyer at state expense because
2、 there could be no fair trial in a serious criminal case without one. At the time, the decision was hailed as a triumph for justice, an example of Americas commitment to the ideal of equality before the law.This is the image most Americans still have of their criminal-justice systemthe fairest in th
3、e world, in which any defendant, no matter how, gets a smart lawyer who, too often, manages to get the culprit off on a technicality. Nothing could be further from the truth. About 80% of people accused of a felony have to depend on a publicly-provided lawyer; but over the past two decades the eager
4、ness of politicians to look harsh on crime, their reluctance to pay for public defenders, and a series of Supreme Court judgments restricting the grounds for appeal have made a mockery of Gideon. Today many indigent defendants, including those facing long terms of imprisonment or even death, are tre
5、ated to a “meetem and pleadem” defensea brief consultation in which a harried or incompetent lawyer encourages them to plead guilty or, if that fails, struggle through a short trial in which the defense is massively outgunned by a more experienced, better-paid and better-prepared prosecutor.“We have
6、 a wealth-based system of justice,” says Stephen Bright, the director of the Southern Center for Human Right. “For the wealthy, its gold-plated. For the average poor person, its like being herded to the slaughter-house. In many places the adversarial system barely exists for the poor.”Many lawyers,
7、of course, have made heroic efforts for particular defendants for little or no pay, but the charity of lawyers can be relied on to handle only a tiny fraction of cases. As spending on police, prosecutors and prisons has steadily climbed in the past decade, increasing the number of people charged and
8、 imprisoned, spending on indigent defense has not kept pace, overwhelming an already hard-pressed system.1. The word “indigent” (Paragraph 1) most probably means _.2. It can be inferred from the passage that O.J. Simpson was probably _.3. What is that authors view of Americas adversarial legal syste
9、m?4. Which of the following statements is true?5. What is the authors specific purpose in writing this passage?问题1选项A.wealthyB.criminalC.poverty-strickenD.innocent问题2选项A.a person who was found not guilty because he hired a very good lawyerB.a person who won his case because he was provided with a la
10、wyer at state expenseC.a person who was denied a lawyer and thus lost his case in the courtD.a brilliant lawyer who won numerous cases for the average poor people问题3选项A.It is the embodiment of the ideal of equality before the law.B.It is the fairest criminal-justice system in the world.C.As it is, i
11、t benefits the rich but works against the poor.D.It is unfair by nature and should be overhauled.问题4选项A.Lawyers who provide defense for the poor often work heroically for little or no pay at all.B.As crime rate increases, American politicians have become more tolerant towards crime than before.C.In
12、America, if a person refuses to accept the judgment of a lower court, he can always appeal to the Supreme Court.D.Government-provided lawyers tend to go through the formalities of defense and prove to be no match for the prosecutors.问题5选项A.To appeal for more public spending on court defense for the
13、poor.B.To criticize Americas fiercely adversarial legal system.C.To draw attention to the injustice of the American legal system.D.To make a suggestion on how to mend the criminal-justice system.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The word “indigent” (Paragraph 1) most probably means _. “indi
14、gent”（第一段）这个词最有可能的意思是_。A. wealthy A. 富有的B. criminal B. 有罪的C. poverty-stricken C. 非常贫困的D. innocent D. 无辜的【答案】C【考查点】词汇推测题【解题思路】根据题干关键词indigent和Paragraph 1定位到原文第一段第三句，该句提到“最高法院一致裁定，_的被告必须由国家出资聘请律师（be provided with a lawyer at state expense），因为在严重的刑事案件中，没有律师就不可能有公平的审判。”通过这类被告需要“由国家出资聘请律师”可知，他们自己是请不起律师的，
15、因此，C选项“非常贫困的”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“富有的”、B选项“有罪的”、D选项“无辜的”，均不能从原文找到依据。第2题:【选项释义】It can be inferred from the passage that O.J. Simpson was probably _. 从文章中可以推断，O.J. Simpson可能是_。A. a person who was found not guilty because he hired a very good lawyer A. 一个因为雇了一个很好的律师而被判无罪的人B. a person who won his case because he was provided with a lawyer at state expense B. 一个因为国家出钱请了律师而胜诉的人C. a person who was denied a lawyer and thus lost his case in the court C. 被拒绝请律师而在法庭上败诉的人D. a brilliant lawyer who won numerous cases for the average poor people D. 他是一位杰出的律师，为普通穷人打赢了许多官司【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题
