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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The widespread adoption of the Internet and the Web makes it possible to administer questionnaire surveys electronically, potentially achieving much greater cost-effectiveness and permitting the integration of data from many resources. At the same time, there
2、 are significant technical challenges that must be met, especially in the areas of logistics and sampling. Recognizing the need for innovation in this and related areas, the NSF Methodology, Measurement, and Statistics Program, in collaboration with a consortium of federal statistical agencies repre
3、sented by the Interagency Council of Statistical Policy and the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, has held a special competition on survey research methods. Included among the topic areas in the competition announcement is secure and easy-to-use methods of collecting survey data via the
4、Web.Todays leading social scientific surveys are very expensive interview studies of national samples. For example, the GSS administers a 90-minute face-to-face interview to 1500 American adults at a cost of about $ 500 per interview. However, the respondents are not a true random sample because cos
5、t considerations with respect to the interviewers travel require that respondents be recruited in a limited number of geographic clusters, and there is no list of residents from which a random sample could be drawn. The small number of geographic areas surveyed limits scientists ability to link GSS
6、data to other geographically based data such as the U.S. census. Because of the high cost and the many research communities that seek time in the GSS, it is impossible to include more than a handful of question on any particular topic. This prevents the GSS from employing much of the best methodolog
7、y of measurement scale construction, which requires inclusion of a large number of items. Surveys like the GSS will be needed in future decades to chart the changing social, economic, and political conditions of the American public. But many types of social science will advance more rapidly through
8、surveys administered over the web.Web-based surveys can reach very large numbers of respondents at low cost. They will be geographically dispersed so that their data can be, linked to the census, to local economic information, and to data from other web-based surveys. It might not be possible to hol
9、d the interviewees interest for the full 90-minute questionnaire of the GSS, but shorter duration surveys administered to very large number of respondents can in aggregate include, far more items, thereby permitting much finer measurement of scientifically interesting variables. The high cost of maj
10、or national surveys generally has restricted the topic studied to those that especially require highly representative samples such as family structure and economic status in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and voting behavior in the American National Election Study, data from both of which are no
11、w freely available over the web. A vast array of other scientific research areas, therefore, have languished from many years without the large-scale survey data that would permit knowledge to progress.1.Administering surveys via the Web would result in（ ）.2.The second paragraph is mainly about（ ）.3.
12、What makes traditional surveys unscientific according to the second paragraph?4.The author firmly believes that Web-based surveys will（ ）.5.It is implied in the last sentence that（ ）.问题1选项A.the reduction of cost involved in data collectionB.secure and easy-to-use methods of collecting dataC.more con
13、vincing conclusions on the mater surveyedD.all of above问题2选项A.the differences between the Web-based and traditional surveysB.the advantages or the Web-based surveysC.the weakness of the traditional surveysD.the cost involved in conducting traditional surveys问题3选项A.The sampling is not made strictly r
14、andomly.B.The interview has to be conducted face-to-face.C.Improper questions are often included in a survey.D.Selection of respondents is often a matter of personal decision.问题4选项A.enhance the economic status of a nationB.promote the progress of social sciencesC.change social, economic and politica
15、l conditions of the publicD.hold the interviewees interest longer than traditional surveys问题5选项A.many scientific areas stop making breakthroughs for lack of effective data collectionB.scientific, research still makes progress without large-scale survey data collectionC.the progress of knowledge depe
16、nds on achievements made by all areas of science togetherD.scientific, research has made little progress before the widespread adoption of the internet【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段涉及到了A、B、C三个选项，achieving much greater cost-effectiveness 对应选项A，permitting the integration of data from many resources，将许多资源整合到一起，从而使得这些资源的可信度更高，对应选项C，
