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1、2022年考博英语-云南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题My heart（ ）when I heard that I had been eliminated during the first round interview.问题1选项A.droppedB.fellC.plungedD.sank【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项drop“下降”，表示从高处往下掉；B选项fall“落下、下垂”，通常指，在重力的作用下落下，或者失去平衡而跌落；C选项plunge“突然的下落”；D选项sink“下沉、消沉”，句意为：当我听说自己在第一轮面试中被淘汰时，我的心沉了下来。因此选项D符
2、合题意。2. 单选题Since the late 1970s，in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivityand therefore enhance their international competitiveness-through cost-cutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is defined as ra
3、ising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivitythe value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor inputdid not improve; and while the result were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent
4、lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same time, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting the more they lost their competitive edge.With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies. It became clear to me that the
5、 cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a “40,40,20” rule. Roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the member, size, location, an
6、d capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried. The well-known tools of thi
7、s approach-including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harderdo produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study o
8、f automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in cost-cutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturin
9、g strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacture and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach, within three years the company regai
10、ned its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting cost. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.1.The author of the passage is primarily c
11、oncerned with （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in Para 1 expected that the measures they implemented would（ ）.3.The primary function of the First Paragraph is to （ ）.4.The author refers to Abernathys study most probably in order to （ ）.5.The authors attitude
12、 toward the culture in most factories is best described as （ ）.问题1选项A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachC.comparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions问题2选项A.encourage innovationB.keep labor output constantC.increase their competitive advantageD.cause managers to focu
13、s on a wider set of objectives问题3选项A.outline in brief the authors argumentB.anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that followC.clarify some disputed definitions of economic termsD.present a historical context for the authors observations问题4选项A.qualify an observation about one method rule govern
14、ing manufacturingB.support an earlier assertion about one method of increasing productivityC.suggest the centrality in the United States economy of a particular manufacturing industryD.give an example of research that has questioned the wisdom of revising a manufacturing strategy问题5选项A.CriticalB.Dis
15、interestedC.RespectfulD.Adulatory【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问这篇文章的作者主要关心的是文章一开始作者提出随着市场份额丢失，很多企业开始采用削减成本的策略；随后从几个方面指出这种策略的缺陷处；最后，作者提出了一种新的策略并证明它是行之有效的；根据这样的文章结构确定B选项 “推荐一种不同的方法”正确。A选项 “总结一个论点”， C选项 “对不同的观点进行比较”和D选项 “做出一系列的预测”都不能准确表达作者写作意图。2.推理判断题。题干询问从文章中可以推断，第1段中提到的制造商期望他们所采取的措施将会从文章推断第一段中提到的生产商期望他们实施的策略能够怎样？根据文章第一段第一句 “manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivityand therefore enhance their international competitivenessthrough cost-cutting programs. 美国的制造商一直试图通过削减成本来提高生产率，从而增强其国际竞争力。”确定C选项“增加他们的竞争优势”正确可知生产商们是想要增
