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1、AC 500 kV Substation Design in ChinaAbstract: Some brief informations about AC 500kV substations in China, historical data of their design and essential design principles are presented in this paper. Some technical and engineering problems of AC500 kV substation design and construction are discussed
2、. It is emphasized to introduce the 500 kV substation scales, main electrical connections, selection of equipment and apparatus, insulation coordination, distribution switchyard, control and protection etc. here we also discuss the policy of project cost control at present time and a prospective vie
3、w of China AC substations in future.1. IntroductionThe research and design of 500 kV substations in China were started in 1977,and the first substation was put into operation in 1981. From that time, because of the rapid development of electricity demand in China, design and construction of 500 kV s
4、ubstations have a great development. Especially in recent years, due to the increase of capital investment for power system construction from the State Government, 500 kV power system has developed even faster. Till 1998 about 55 substations (500 kV) were already put into operation, in which 217 tra
5、nsformers were installed, and the total capacity reached 60410 MVA. At present, there are 30 substations under construction. In addition, it has been planned to construct/extend 30 substations in accordance with the power delivery from Three Gorges Power Plant.A complete design system of AC 500 kV s
6、ubstation in China has been gradually established based on the past design and construction experiences and the use of new technologies. This system includes design procedure, design standards, rules and regulations, design management and so on.The essential design principles are safe and reliable ,
7、technically advanced ,economical and reasonable, and good quality.2. Size of SubstationsChina is a developing country with broad territory. The economic development is very different from one region to another. In accordance with this fact, the 500 kV substation size is different at different time a
8、nd for different regions.Generally there are several classes of transformer capacity in substation according to different stages of construction:Initial stage, MVA Final stage, MVA 1500(750) 2500(2750) 1750 3750 1750(2750) 4750(1000,1500)The numbers of 500 kV and 220 kV outgoing lines from substatio
9、n differ from time to time. Usually there are 1-4 circuits of 500 kV lines and 6-8 circuits of 220 kV lines in the first stage of construction, and finally the number reaches 6-10 circuits of 500 kV and 12-14 circuits of 220 kV lines.Whether install or not the high voltage reactor is decided by syst
10、ematical investigation in overvoltage level and line length. Reactive compensation facilities at low voltage side of main transformer are also designed in accordance with the system conditions and the principle of “compensation on the spot according to the condition of each voltage level and region”
11、. Usually in first stage of construction only low voltage shunt reactors are installed, reserving the possibility to install shunt capacitors. But some times, especially in recent projects, shunt reactors and capacitors may be installed simultaneously in first stage of construction.3. Electrical Des
12、ign Features3.1 Main Electrical ConnectionsIt is very important to select main electrical connection for safe and reliable operation and project cost control. The most popular 500 kV electrical connection is one-and-half circuit breaker connection, which are flexible, reliable, relatively and less l
13、andused. Double sectionalized bus with transfer bus connection also being employed in some early projects. In the 1 1/2 CB connection configuration, source and load circuits are usually arranged in pair and in series, with same title circuits arranged in different series. It is permitted to connect
14、the same title circuits to the same bus, 2 transformer groups into series separately and the other 2 groups to bus separately. 3 current transformer groups are installed in every series and single phase capacitive voltage transformers(CVT) are installed at line and transformer sides. Special calcula
15、tions are required to decide if bus arresters to be installed. At initial construction stage outgoing lines and transformer groups use 1-2 breakers. For 1 1/2 Cb connection, if number of series is equal to or more than 3 at initial stage, outgoing isolating switches are not installed for the line an
16、d transformer. If there are only 2 series in the initial stage, they should be installed.In most cases double bus (single or double sectionalized bus connection) with transfer bus scheme are used in 220 kV main electrical connections. In some projects 1 1/2 CB connection is employed, but in several projects double bus without transfer facilities is also used. In case of double bus connections three phase CVT are installed on every
