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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all o
2、ther societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improv
3、e economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first ev
4、idence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U. S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in a
5、utomotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterpartsa result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examine housing constructi
6、on, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have
7、to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. O
8、nly when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This
9、increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broa
10、der formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity to the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt developing more quickly there tha
11、n it is.1. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries _.2. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system_.3. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that_.4. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to sho
12、w that education emerged_.5. According to the last paragraph, development of education_.问题1选项A.is subject groundless doubtsB.has fallen victim of biasC.is conventional downgradedD.has been overestimated问题2选项A.requires sufficient labor forceB.takes efforts of generationsC.demands priority from the go
13、vernmentD.challenges economists and politicians问题3选项A.the U.S. workforce is more organizedB.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedC.the Japanese workforce is more productiveD.the U.S. workforce has a better education问题4选项A.as a result of pressure on governmentB.when people no longer went hunti
14、ngC.when people had enough timeD.prior to better ways of finding food问题5选项A.follows improved productivityB.results directly from competitive environmentsC.does not depend on economic performanceD.cannot afford political changes【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。寻找句内线索，定位到文章第一段第二三句话however, the
15、 conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would
16、 require two or three generations.“然而，传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的首要任务之一，这种观点是错误的。我们很幸运，因为在那里建立新的教育系统，并让足够多的人通过这些系统来改善经济表现，需要两三代人的努力”，从这句可知很多人都会认为不发达国家要想获得快速发展就的通过发展教育来达成，但事实是仅仅是新的教育体系发展起来都得需要经历两到三代人的努力才能实现，达不到快速这个目标，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案选D“被高估了”。A选项“受到无端质疑”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“变成了偏见的受害者”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“通常
