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1、定语从句基本概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于一个形容词，因此也叫形容词性从句。先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。它与定语从句的位置关系为：先行词 + 定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词和关系副词在句中起引导定语从句的作用，同时又在定语从句中担任主语，宾语，表语，定语和状语等成分。常用的关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which ，as . 常用的关系副词：when, where, why . 分类：定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。I限制性定语从句 在此
2、类从句中，先行词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，定语从句不能拿掉，否则剩下的主句将失去意义而不能成立。A关系代词的用法先行词是人1作主语 who, that e.g. The girl who/ that is standing under the tree is my sister. / 2. 作宾语 (who, whom, that)e.g. The girl (who/ whom/ that )he is talking to is my sister.3. 作定语 whosee.g. The girl whose hair is red
3、 is my sister.先行词是物1 作主语 which / that e.g. The book which/ that is on the table is mine. 2 作宾语 (which/ that)e.g. The book (which / that) you bought yesterday is good.3 作定语 whosee.g. The book whose cover is blue is mine.The man _ you were talking with just now is my uncle.Do you know the woman _ is s
4、elling the vegetables there.I like the room _ windows face south.The glass _ you bought yesterday is very good.The old man didnt allow his daughter to marry the man _ family is poor.The fruit _ my father planted is delicious.I bought the book in the shop _ is in the corner of the street.I dont like
5、the apples _ are not fresh.He visited the factory _ his father once worked in.My mother likes the places _ have the beautiful scenery.The teacher _ is respected by the students is his aunt.I know the man _ you are shaking hands with.A plane is a machine _ can fly.The noodles _ I cooked were deliciou
6、s.Who is the man _ is reading a book over there?The girl _ we saw yesterday was Jims sister.They planted some trees _ didnt need much water.The fish _ we bought this morning were not fresh.The foreigner _ visited our class yesterday is from Canada.The boy _ broke the window is called Tom.The person
7、_ you just talked to is Mr. Li.Mrs. Read is the person _ you should write to.B在定语从句中如介词提前，关系代词用法如下：先行词是人 介词+ whom e.g. The girl to whom he is speaking is my sister. The girl _ he is speaking to is my sister.先行词是物 介词+ whiche.g. The room in which he used to live is very big.C. 关系代词 as的用法 1）as也可作关系代词，引
8、导非限制性定语从句，指整个主句的概念，常译为“正如”之意，在句中作主语，宾语或表语 。 2）as引导的定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置很灵活。e.g. More than seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water, as we all know. （作宾语）As is reported in the papers , our country has launched another manmade earth satellite. （作主语）The experiment is very i
9、mportant, as indeed it is. （表语）常用这类似结构还有： as is said above; as is already mentioned above; as it is; as is often the case (with)这是常有的事； 事情通常就是这样; as is reported in the newspaper等等He is often late for school, as is often the case with him.As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond o
10、f talking about good old days.3）as引导的限制性定语从句还常放在 the same，和such, as后。e.g. This is the same one as I showed you the other day.Keep away from such things as will do you harm.4) 经常用于非限制性定语从句中，表示“众所周知”的表达有以下几种： as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody/everyone knows, D. 关系副词的用法1). whenwhen在定语从句中
11、作时间状语。e.g. Einstein had to stop his research work in the year when the First World War broke out. That happened on the day when I saw you.2). wherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语。e.g. What is the name of the town where we stayed last year?My neighbor bought this TV set in the shop where her brother works.名词situati
12、on, point, case, stage, scene等后可接where引导的定语从句I understand the situation where a woman falls in love with a married man.It gets to the point where communication is possible.They have reached the point where they have to separate.3) why why 在定语从句中作原因状语，多放在名词the reason后。e.g. The reason why he did it wi
13、ll always remain a mystery.I dont know the reason why he always looks at me coldly. The reason _ he explained is reasonable.E. 有时关系副词可以等同于介词加关系代词which. when = 介词 + whichI will never forget the day when / on which I joined the army.where =介词 + whichI visited the factory where / in which my mother onc
14、e worked.why =介词 + whichI will tell you the reason why / for which I was late.注意：当定语从句中的谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，不可把短语动词的各个部分拆开，也就是说不能将介词提前。These are the children whom you need to look after.The post office which you are looking for is at the other end of the street.注意以下的情况：from where, since when 为介词+关系副词结构， 也可引导定语从句We stood on the top of the hill, from where we could see the whole town.He left in 1989, since when he has been working in a bank.This is a book _ tells about space rocket technology.The letter _ I re
