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1、 摘 要本论文介绍的是XKA5032A/C数控立式升降台铣床自动换刀装置（刀库式）的设计.刀库式的自动换刀装置是由刀库和刀具交换装置（换刀机械手）组成。它是多工序数控机床上应用最广泛的换刀装置，其整个换刀过程比较复杂。首先把加工过程中需要使用的全部刀具安装在标准的刀柄上，在机床外进行尺寸预调后，按一定的方式装入刀库。换刀时，先在刀库中进行选刀，由机械手从刀库和主轴上取出刀具，然后交换位置，把新刀插入主轴，旧刀放回刀库。存放刀具的刀库具有较大的容量，其容量为六把刀具,采用盘形结构,安装在机床的左侧立柱上。因为XKA5032A/C数控立式升降台铣床外形及其他性能参数等均与THK6363型自动换刀数
2、控镗铣床相似，所以本机床的自动换刀装置的设计将仿效THK6363型自动换刀数控镗铣床换刀装置，设计成采用轴向放置的鼓盘式刀库形式和回转式双臂机械手组成。刀具按预定工序的先后顺序插入刀库的刀座中，使用时按顺序转到取刀位置。用过的刀具放回原来的刀座内，也可以按加工顺序放入下一个刀座内。该法不需要刀具识别装置，驱动控制也比较简单，工作可靠。但刀库中每一把刀具在不同工序中不能重复使用，为了满足加工需要只有增加刀具的数量和刀库的容量，这就降低了刀具和刀库的利用率。此外，装刀时必须十分谨慎，如果刀具不按顺序装在刀库中，将会产生严重的后果。顺序选刀是在加工之前，将加工零件所需刀具按照工艺要求依次插入刀库的刀
3、套中，顺序不能有差错。加工时按顺序调刀。适合加工批量较大、工件品种数量较少的中、小型自动换刀装置。可知数控铣床用4把刀就可完成大多数的铣削加工。所以这个容量为6把刀的刀库，几乎不存在加工过程中需要重复利用刀具的情况，所以刀具的选择方式确定为顺序选择刀具。两手互相垂直的回转式单臂双手机械手的优点是换刀动作可靠，换好时间短，缺点是刀柄精度要求高，结构复杂，联机调整的相关精度要求高，机械手离加工区较近。一般来说，这种机械手用于刀库刀座轴线与机床主轴轴线垂直，刀库为径向存取刀具形式的自动换刀装置，因此，在XKA5032A/C数控立式升降铣床的自动换刀装置中可采用这种机械手形式。关键词：数控铣床；自动换
4、刀装置；刀库；换刀机械手- I -ABSTRACTThis thesis introduction is the design that the XKA5032 A/C number controls the sign type working panel lifter miller to change the knife device(the knife database type) automatically.The knife database type automatically change the knife device is have by the knife database
5、 and the knife to exchange device(change the knife the machine hand) to constitute.It is many work ordinal numbers to control the top of the tool machine to apply to change the knife device most extensively, it is whole to lead to change the knife process more complicated.First process process in ne
6、ed to be use of all knifes have to install on the haft of the standard, pressing certain way to pack into the knife database after the tool machine carry on size to prepare to adjust outside.Be in the knife database carry on choosing knife first while change the knife, is taken out knife to have fro
7、m the knife database and the principal axis by the machine hand, then exchange position, insert the new knife into the principal axis, the old knife puts back a knife database.The knife database that deposits knife to have has bigger capacity, its capacity has for six knifes, adopting the dish form
8、structure, the left side that installs in the tool machine signs pillar up.The XKA5032 A/C number controls the sign type working panel lifter miller shape and other function parameter etc.s to all change the knife with THK6363 typeses automatically number to control the boring miller likeness, so th
9、is tool machine changes the knife the design of the device to change the knife in the wake of THK6363 typeses automatically automatically the number control the boring miller to change the knife device, the design becomeses the adoption stalk toward the drum dish type knife database form and the tur
10、n-over type double the arm machine hand for place to constitute.The knife has to press to schedule to the work preface insert the knife of the knife database order of sequence, usage turn to take knife position in order.The knife for using puts back the original knife inside, can also press to proce
11、ss sequence to put into the next knife.That method doesnt need the knife to identify device, driving a control also more simple, work credibility.But the knife database in each knife have in the different work preface and cant repeat an usage, for satisfying to process to need to only increase the c
12、apacity of the quantity and the knife database that the knife have, this utilization that lowers knife to have with the knife database.Have to be very careful while packing knife in addition, if the knife doesnt in order have to pack in the knife database, will produce serious result.Sequences choos
13、ing knife is before process, will process the knife that spare parts need to have to request to be one by one in order in the knife set of insert the knife database according to the craft, the sequence cant have mistake.Process adjust knife in order.Suit to process a batch quantity to compare greatl
14、y,the work piece the species quantity less of medium,small scaled the auto change the knife device.Can know the number controls miller to use 4 make the knife complete most milling and can pare to process.So this capacity is 6 knife databases of knifes, almost the nonentity process to need to make u
15、se of the circumstance that the knife have again in the process, so the knife have of the choice method assurance for in proper order choice the knife have.Two hands are mutual perpendicular of the advantage of the turn-over type single arm hands machine hand change the knife action credibility, cha
16、nging good time short, the weakness is the haft accuracy to have high request, structure complications, the linking machine adjust of the related accuracy have high request, the machine hand leaves to process area nearer.Generally speaking, this kind of machine hand useds for the knife database knife the stalk line and the tool machine principal axis stalk line perpendicular, the knife database has a form to change the knife device automatically toward the acc
