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1、2012届高三第二轮复习资料之语法填空语法填空之连词专讲一、名词性从句*做题指导：1.正确分析句子成分是做对题的关键。2.连接词的特点：that没有意义，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分； whether, if 表“是否”，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分； what, which, how, where, when, whatever等，有各自的意义，在从句中担任成分。3. that 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时不省略；有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略；引导的宾语从句中含有从句时，也不省略。4. 介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句，此时需要用it作形式宾语
2、；某些动词enjoy, hate, have, like, love, appreciate, take也不能接that引导的宾语从句，此时需要用it作形式宾语。如：You may rely on it that he will come on time.5. reason做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导。6.doubt 在肯定句中其后的宾语从句常用whether, if 引导；doubt在否定和疑问句中其后的宾语从句常用that引导。如：There is some doubt _whether_ he will come tomorrow.7. 与if相比较，whether 引导所有名词
3、性从句，也可用于连接介词后的宾语从句，可以discuss, decide 后引导宾语从句，还可与or not 连用。*考题检验1. _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2. There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.3. World Aids day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away, and
4、 _ there are many things still to be done.4. News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.5. I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.6. There is no doubt _ John will support you.7. Could I speak to _ is in
5、 charge of International Sales please?8. We have offered her the job, but I dont know _ she will accept it.9. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read fast.10. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finish anything.11. As far as I can see, ther
6、e is no possibility _ he will win the tennis match this time.12. American scientists have discovered that walnut trees can produce more than walnuts. The scientists say walnut trees also can make a chemical form of the popular pain-killing medicine aspirin. The trees do this under the stress of dise
7、ase 1_ other threats. Scientists say the chemical may help the trees reduce damage from dry weather, unseasonable temperature 2_ other changes in the environment. The results are important 3_ presence of the chemical could warn growers early 4_ a tree is in danger. Growers could recognize a problem
8、5_ leaves on walnut trees die and fall off. The scientists say the 6_(find) also show that a plant can communicate with other plants through the atmosphere. For example, a tree could communicate 7_ it is under attack from insects. 8_ that information, a grower could begin corrective treatment. Resea
9、rchers 9_(know) for a long time that laboratory plants may produce methyl salicylate, aspirins chemical form. Aspirin was first made from the bark covering on willow trees. 10_ the researchers had never before found methyl salicylate in a forest. They have not confirmed that trees could emit, 11_ gi
10、ve out, large amounts of the chemical into the atmosphere.答案：1,what 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. what 6.that 7. whoever 8. whether/if 9. how 10. why 11. that12(1. or 2. and 3, because/as/since 4. that 5. before 6. findings 7. when 8. With 9. have known 10. or二、定语从句*做题指导1. 正确分析句子成分是做对题的关键。2. 引导词的特点： *关
11、系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose； 关系副词when, where, why 和that。（略） *that既指人又指物，先行词是everything, all等或有 the first, the most, the very 等修饰时都能用，所以一般情况下用that引导定语从句比较保险，但以下情况不能用，切记： a. 在非限制性定语从句中（从句前面有逗号与主句隔开），用which或who, whom; b. 前面有介词时，用which 或whom; c. 前面的先行词是anyone, those 时， 用who； *as 和which 可以引导非限制性定语从
12、句，指代整个句子（which有时也仅仅指代主句的一个词和一部分）。which引导的这种从句只能放在主句后，as 引导的这种从句可以放在主句前、后、或在中间插入。另外，以下短语几乎成为固定搭配：as is often the case, as is known to all, as is hoped, as is natural, as is reported, as has been said, as we know。 如：_As_ is announced in todays newspapers, all the schools will reopen on Sept. 1st. *当先行
13、词为case, situation, condition, point 时， 且从句不缺少主要成分，用where引导；而出现occasion常用when; * 关系副词where, when 有时用作关系代词； 如：He climbed up to the top of the temple, from where he could see nothing but trees. * which 偶尔也指人，着重于该人的品质，地位，身份，而不是人本身。 如：Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wants to be. *比较： a. There a
14、re 20 people in the bus, most of _ are boys. b. There are 20 people in the bus, most of _boys. c. There are 20 people in the bus and most of _ are boys. key: whom/ them/them * 比较： a. _ is known to us all, the earth goes around the sun. b. _ is known to us all is that the earth goes around the sun. c
15、. _ is known to us all that the earth goes around the sun. Key: As/ What/It *比较： a. He is one of the students who _ (praise) by the teacher. b. He is the only one of the students who _(praise) by the teacher. Key: were praised/was praised * 比较： a. Rose is such a kind girl _ will surely give others help if possible. b. Rose is such a kind girl _ she has won a high reputation in our
