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1、2022-2023年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Translate the following into English.人们都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的理解却因人而异。绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。正如经常发生的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。【答案】People have the right to pursue happiness, but different people have different understanding of happiness. Most people believe that h
2、appiness comes from good health, wish fulfilment and successful career. As it often happens, it is not until they suffer that many people realize the true meaning of happiness.2. 单选题Ive become somewhat physically unfit, so Ive started going to the gym once a week to see if I can（ ）my body.问题1选项A.tid
3、y upB.tone upC.take upD.eat up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项tidy up表示“收拾，整理”；B选项tone up表示“増强；提高（声调等）使更健康”；C选项take up表示“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”；D选项eat up表示 “吃光；耗尽；击垮”。根据somewhat physically unfit（身体有点不健康）可知，空缺处应为“使更健康”，故B项正确。因此本题正确答案为B项。句意：我的身体已有些许不适，所以我开始每周去一次健身房，看看是否可以让身体更健康。3. 翻译题A.Translate the following paragrap
4、hs into Chinese.Recently bad air pollution in Beijing has led to a flood of strong criticism from the countrys state-run media.Government officials were ordered to reduce vehicle use over the weekend, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency, which also covered the pollution story extensively.E
5、nvironmental protection authorities published daily air-quality measurements, but those didnt take into account the smaller pollution particles, known as PM2.5, that public health experts say are the most damaging to human health.Peoples Daily, meanwhile, ran a front-page editorial under the headlin
6、e A Beautiful China Starts with Healthy Breathing on Monday.The vast, unmoving haze has obscured our vision, but it has made the urgency of pollution control clearer to us, the editorial said, noting the challenges to Chinas environment from rapid ongoing industrialization and urbanization.Post-cris
7、is emergency measures, it continued, cannot replace systematic, scientific, efficient and powerful management of the problem at its source.B.Translate the following paragraphs into English.科学就是探求真理。在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的
8、莫大帮助， 把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。【答案】Section A最近，北京严重的空气污染引发了中国官方媒体的强烈批评。据广泛报道污染事件的新华社报道，政府官员被要求在周末期间减少车辆使用。环境保护部门公布了每天的空气质量监测数据，但这些数据没有将PM 2.5等较小的污染颗粒计算在内。公共卫生专家说，PM 2.5对人体健康的危害最大。与此同时，人民日报周一在头版发表了一篇题为美丽中国从健康呼吸开始的社论。注意到中国快速发展的工业化和城市化给中国环境带来的挑战，社论指出：巨大的、
9、静止的雾霾遮蔽了我们的视野，但它让我们更加清楚地认识到控制污染的紧迫性。它还指出，危机后的紧急措施“不能从根本上取代对问题进行系统、科学、有效和强有力的管理”。Section BScience means the exploration of truth. In the process of exploring truth, peoples understanding of objective law has to go through a arduous and tortuous process. It is often the case that academic disputes ari
10、se because of different research perspectives, different mastery of materials and different methods of cognition. Therefore, accomplished scientists regard opposing opinions as a great help to themselves, and their criticism as the most valuable friendship. This is because, the opinion that agrees m
11、ay not be right, the opinion that disagrees may not be wrong. To say the least, even a false objection is good for ones own scientific research.4. 单选题Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold （ ）bacteria in foods to a safe level.问题1选项A.a number ofB.the number ofC.an amount
12、 ofD.a quantity of【答案】B【解析】句意:一般来说，迅速冷却并经过适当的冷藏，食物中的细菌量会被控制在安全范围内。考查短语辨析。a number of若干，许多; the number of 的数量; an amount of 总量”通常与不可数、无生命的名词连用；a quantity of 一些。故B符合句意。5. 单选题Well visit Europe next year（ ）we have enough money.问题1选项A.lestB.providedC.unlessD.until【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。A选项lest“唯恐，以免”；B选项provided
13、“倘若，假如”；C选项unless“除非”；D选项until“直到.”。句意：如果我们有足够的钱，明年我们就去欧洲。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题People buy insurance in order to（ ）a small, certain, tolerable loss for a large, uncertain,catastrophic one.问题1选项A.returnB.substituteC.instituteD.predict【答案】B【解析】考查固定词组搭配。固定搭配substitute .for.表示“用代替”。A选项return表示“返回，报答，回击”；C选项inst
14、itute表示“实行，授予（学位），提起（诉讼）”；D选项predict表示“预言，预测”。【句意】人们买保险是为了用一个可以确定和容忍的小损失来替代大的、不确定的、灾难性的损失。7. 翻译题A. Translate the following into Chinese (15%)Surveys show that mens attitudes to risk are typically more enthusiastic, whereas women are more likely to buy and hold, which leads financial advisers to conc
15、lude that men are less risk-averse. And men are more likely to say that they understand financial concepts, which might seem to suggest that they are more financially literate.But it may be more accurate to say that women are more risk-aware and less deluded about their financial competence. A study in 2001 by Brad Barber, an academic in the field of behavioural finance, showed that women out performed men in the market by one percentage point a year. The main reason, he argued, was that men were much more likel
