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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题国家统计局（NBS）周五发布的2018年全国睡觉时间使用情况调查报告揭示了中国人平均每天的时间分配情况。这包括了他们的工作、睡觉、家务、休闲娱乐等不同活动。这项调查显示，低收入人群平均看电视的时间为每天1小时50分钟。这比中等收入人群多15分钟，比较高收入组多32分钟，比高收入人群多46分钟。国家统计局高级统计员金红表示，2008年和2018年的时间使用情况调查显示，中国人均生活质量有所改善。Section B Translate the following passage into English.【答案】Th
2、e 2018 National Survey Report on the Utilization of Bedtime, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Friday, revealed how Chinese people to allocate their dailys time averagely. This includes work, sleep, housework, recreation and other different activities. According to the survey, t
3、he average time of low-income group watching TV is 1 hour and 50 minutes a day, which is 15 minutes more than medium-income group, 32 minutes more than the high-income group and 46 minutes more than the high-income group. Jinhong, a senior statistician at the NBS, said that the quality of life per c
4、apita in China had improved, which was showed by the survey on situation of time utilization in 2008 and 2018.2. 单选题The new policies will （ ） rather than help poor families.问题1选项A.hideB.hinderC.hintD.hind【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项动词hide “隐藏”，B项动词hinder “阻碍、打扰”，C项动词hint “暗示、示意”，D项形容词hind “后部的”；句意：新政策将阻碍而不是帮
5、助贫困家庭。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题As noted, among those who were cognitively normal at the start of the study, （ ） alcohol drinkers appeared to be protected against dementia.问题1选项A.moderateB.minimumC.mediumD.middle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项moderate “有节制的”，B项minimum “最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle “中等的”；句意：特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常
6、，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Im worried about washing that shirt in case it （ ）.问题1选项A.decreasesB.contractsC.constringesD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项decrease “减少”，B项contract “收缩”，C项constringe “使收敛”，D项名词shrink “缩水”；句意：我不敢洗那件衬衫，怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。5. 写作题Directions: “Publish or perish” is well-known in
7、 the academic world. Do you agree or disagree with this view points. Please express your opinion in about 150 words.【答案】略6. 单选题President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American soci
8、ety than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major sou
9、rce of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the fr
10、eedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats
11、 its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe
12、that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is als
13、o believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family backg
14、round. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3
15、. Who can benefit from business competition?4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedom
