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1、2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Whether they are male or female, adolescents feel like deciding on everything themselves in spite of parents instruction, especially when they face problems like sex, mental stress, etc., which make them feel ashamed and embarrassed. Thus they often automat
2、ically get into troubles due to their imperfect comprehension and judgment. Some are addicted to cigarettes, only several packets of which will hurt their lings and make them breathless quickly. Other cant quit drinking alcohol, whose harmful effects includes causing young pregnant women to abort or
3、 give birth to abnormal babies. The worst is drug abuse, for the withdrawal is tough once their bodies are accustomed to the drugs. Meanwhile, those who share needles bought from illegal chemists are at great risk of being infected with desperate AIDS. If so, neither injecting nor taking pills can g
4、uarantee their survival.However, dont be disappointed at or have prejudice against our children so easily. After all, being awkward is an appendix of youth. As long as we strengthen communication with them instead of only banning this or banning that, we will surely help them avoid anything unfit.【答
5、案】参考译文：不论男女，青少年们都喜欢不顾家长的指导，自己对一切作决定，特别是当他们面对如性、心理压力等等一些使他们觉得羞愧和尴尬的问题时更是如此。因此，由于他们理解力和判断力的不足，他们常常会无意识地陷入困境中。有的对香烟上瘾，只要几包就会对他们的肺造成损害，使他们很容易就气喘吁吁；有的没法戒酒，喝酒带来的不良后果包括造成年轻的怀孕女性流产或生下不正常的婴儿；最糟糕的是滥用毒品，因为一旦他们的身体对毒品习惯了，要想戒毒就相当困难了。同时，那些共用从非法药剂师处购买的注射器的青少年还承担着感染令人绝望的艾滋病的极大风险。一旦感染上，不管是打针还是吃药都没法保证他们的生存了。然而，请不要轻易就对
6、我们的孩子失望或抱有偏见，毕竟，不成熟是年轻的必然附属品。只要我们加强和他们的沟通，而不是仅仅禁止这样，不准那样，我们一定能帮助他们避开不健康的东西。2. 单选题When planting shrubbery it is advisable to tamp he dint around the root after covering them.问题1选项A.intrigueB.fertilizeC.pack downD.tamper with【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。题干tamp“捣实；压实；塞紧”。A项“激起的兴趣；密谋”，B项“使受孕；施肥于”，C项“把压实”，D项“篡改；干预”。因
7、此选C。句意：种植灌木丛时，建议将其覆盖后夯实在根部周围。3. 单选题For some time scientists have believed that cholesterol (胆固醇) plays a major role in heart disease because people with familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect, have six to eight times the normal level of cholesterol in their blood and they invariably develop
8、 heart disease. These people lack cell-surface receptors for low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), which are the fundamental carriers of blood cholesterol to the body cells that use cholesterol. Without an adequate number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDLs from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying L
9、DLs remain in the blood, increasing blood cholesterol levels. Scientists also noticed that people with familial hypercholesterolemia appear to produce more LDLs than normal individuals. How, scientists wondered, could a genetic mutation that causes a slow-down in the removal of LDLs from the blood a
10、lso result in an increase in the synthesis of this cholesterol-carrying protein?Since scientists could not experiment on human body tissue, their knowledge of familial hyper-cholesterolemia was severely limited. However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of Yoshio Watanabe of Kobe University i
11、n Japan in 1980. Watanabe noticed that a male rabbit in his colony had ten times to the normal concentration of cholesterol in its blood. By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits spontaneously developed heart disease. To his
12、surprise, Watanabe further found that the rabbits, like humans with familial hypercholesterolemia, lacked LDL receptors. This, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better understanding of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans.Prior to the breakthrough at Kobe University, it was
13、known that LDLs are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor, called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs), which carry triglycerides as well as relatively small amounts of cholesterol. The triglycerides are removed from the VLDLs by fatty and other tissues. What remains is a remnant parti
14、cle that must be removed from the blood. What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor. Normally, the majority of the VLDL remnants go to the liver where they bind to LDL receptors and are degraded. In the Watanabe rabbit,
15、due to a lack of LDL receptors on liver cells, the VLDL remnants remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDLs. The LDL receptors thus have a dual effect in controlling LDL levels. They are necessary to prevent oversynthesis of LDLs from VLDL remnants and they are necessary for the normal
16、 removal of LDL from the blood. With this knowledge, scientists are now well on the way toward developing drugs that dramatically lower cholesterol levels in people afflicted with certain forms of familial hypercholesterolemia.54. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with _.55. The passage supplies information to answer which of the following questions?56. The passage implies
