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1、wordUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982PREAMBLEThe States Parties to this Convention,Prompted by the desire to settle, in a spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation, all issues relating to the law of the sea and aware of the historic significance of this Convent
2、ion as an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice and progress for all peoples of the world,Noting that developments since the United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea held at Geneva in 1958 and 1960 have accentuated the need for a new and generally acceptable Convention
3、on the law of the sea,Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole,Recognizing the desirability of establishing through this Convention, with due regard for the sovereignty of all States, a legal order for the seas and oceans which will fac
4、ilitate international munication, and will promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of their living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment,Bearing in mind that the achieveme
5、nt of these goals will contribute to the realization of a just and equitable international economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole and, in particular, the special interests and needs of developing countries, whether coastal or land-locked,Desiring by thi
6、s Convention to develop the principles embodied in resolution 2749 (XXV) of 17December 1970 in which the General Assembly of the United Nations solemnly declared interalia that the area of the seabed and ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as well as its
7、resources, are the mon heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of the geographical location of States,Believing that the codification and progressive development of the law of the sea achieved in this Con
8、vention will contribute to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among all nations in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and will promote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the Purposes and Pr
9、inciples of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter,Affirming that matters not regulated by this Convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law,Have agreed as follows:PART IINTRODUCTIONArticle 1Use of terms and scope1. For the purposes of this Conv
10、ention:(1) Area means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;(2) Authority means the International Seabed Authority;(3) activities in the Area means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;(4) pollution of
11、the marine environment means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to
12、marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities;(5) (a) dumping means:(i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;(ii) any
13、deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea;(b) dumping does not include:(i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidental to, or derived from the normal operations of vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea and their equipment
14、, other than wastes or other matter transported by or to vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at sea, operating for the purpose of disposal of such matter or derived from the treatment of such wastes or other matter on such vessels, aircraft, platforms or structures;(ii) placeme
15、nt of matter for a purpose other than the mere disposal thereof, provided that such placement is not contrary to the aims of this Convention.2. (1) States Parties means States which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.(2) This Convention applies mu
16、tatismutandis to the entities referred to in article305, paragraphl(b), (c), (d), (e) and(f), which bee Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each, and to that extent States Parties refers to those entities.PART IITERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONESECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle2Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial
