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1、2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The British historian Niall Ferguson speculated that the end of American_might not fuel an orderly shift to a multipolar system.问题1选项A.domainB.hegemonyC.sovereigntyD.preference【答案】B【解析】domain领地,领域; hegemony霸权; sovereignty主权,君主; preference偏爱, 优先权。句意：英国历史学家Niall
2、 Ferguson推测, 美国霸权主义的终结可能不会推动美国向多极体系的有序转变。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题In the wake of the 70-vehicle pileup,a slew of lawsuits are expected to be_against drivers, trucking companies and several state agencies alleging negligence and wrongful death.问题1选项A.subjectedB.filedC.committedD.surrendered【答案】B【解析】subject使屈从于,
3、 使隶属; file把归档, 提出(申请等); commit犯罪,做错事; surrender投降, 自首。句意：在这起70辆汽车连环相撞事件发生后, 预计将对司机、货运公司和几家州政府机构提起一系列诉讼, 指控他们玩忽职守和过失杀人。file a lawsuit against控告, 起诉。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may_at 25 per cent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card
4、 can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest-free-credit.问题1选项A.come upB.account forC.add upD.work out【答案】B【解析】come up走近, 发生, 上升; account for（比例）占; add up合计; work out解决, 算出。句意：所有的信用卡机构都按月收取利息, 每年的利息可能占25%, 但明智地使用信用卡购物意味着你可以获得长达7周的无息信贷。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题The African elephantmythic symbol of a cont
5、inent, keystone of its ecology and the largest land animal remaining on earthhas become the object of one of the biggest, broadest international efforts yet mounted to turn a threatened species off the road to extinction. But it is not only the elephants survival that is at stake, conservationists s
6、ay. Unlike the endangered tiger, unlike even the great whales, the African elephant is in great measure the architect of its environment. As a voracious eater of vegetation, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna surroundings in which it lives, thereby setting the terms of existence for millions o
7、f other storied animals-from zebras to gazelles to giraffes and wildebeeststhat share its habitat And as the elephant disappears, scientists and conservationists say, many other species will also disappear from vast stretches of forest and savanna, drastically altering and impoverishing whole ecosys
8、tems.It is the elephants metabolism and appetite that make it a disturber of the environment and therefore an important creator of habitat. In a constant search for the 300 pounds of vegetation it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbrush and pulls branches off big trees as high as it
9、s trunk will reach. This creates innumerable open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. The resulting patchwork, a mosaic of vegetation in various stages of regeneration, in turn creates a greater variety of forage that attracts a greater
10、variety of other vegetation-eaters than would otherwise be the case.In studies over the last 20 years in southern Kenya near Mount Kilimanjaro, Dr.Western has found that when elephants are allowed to roam die savannas naturally and normally, they spread out at intermediate densities. Their foraging
11、creates a mixture of savanna woodlands (what the Africans call bush) and grassland. The result is a highly diverse array of other plant-eating species: those like the zebra, wildebeest and gazelle, that graze: those like the giraffe, bushbuck and lesser kudu, that browse on tender shoots, buds, twig
12、s and leaves; and plant-eating primates like the baboon and vervet monkey. These herbivores attract carnivores like the lion and cheetah.When the elephant population thins out. Dr. Western said, the woodlands become denser and the grazers are squeezed out. When pressure from poachers forces elephant
13、s to crowd more densely onto reservations, the woodlands there are knocked out and the browsers and primates disappear.Something similar appears to happen in dense tropical rain forests. In their natural state, because the overhead forest canopy shuts out sunlight and prevents growth on the forest f
14、loor, rain forests provide slim pickings for large, hoofed plant-eaters. By pulling down trees and eating new growth, elephants enlarge natural openings in the canopy, allowing plants to regenerate on the forest floor and bringing down vegetation from the canopy so that smaller species can get at it
15、.In such situations, the rain forest becomes hospitable to large plant-eating mammals such as bongos, bush pigs, duikers, forest hogs, swamp antelopes, forest buffaloes, okapis, sometimes gorillas and always a host of smaller animals that thrive on secondary growth. When elephants disappear and the forest reverts, the larger mammals give way to smaller, nimbler animals like monkeys, squirrels and rodents. 1.The passage is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.In the opening paragraph, the author mentions tigers and whales in order to emphasize which point about the elephant?3.A necessary compon
