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1、 高二年级培优英语试题定语从句讲与练定语从句（1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I sa
2、w yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity
3、 which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 定语从句（2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于
4、介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ whic
5、h引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 定语从句（3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： Thi
6、s is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain villa
7、ge (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this
8、the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全
9、，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对,所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。 定语从句(4)-限制性和非限制性定语从句 1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的
10、附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2)当先行词是专有名词或具有唯一性的名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去
11、年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没
12、抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 非限制性定语从句与高考试题 我们在学习英语时，常常遇到非限制性定语从句。下面结合高考试题谈谈学习运用非限制性定语从句时应注意的几个问题。 1.that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句 考例1She heard the terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth(MET91)Ait BwhichCthis
13、Dthat 简析选B。后半句为非限制性定语从句，不用that而用which来引导。which指代noise，在从句中作主语。 2.除which外，还可用whenwherewhosewhom等引导非限制性定语从句，且各自的用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。如： Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。（关系副词when指代表示时间的名词next month，并作从句的状语。） She is going to live in
14、Macao, where she has some close friends 她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。（关系副词where指代表示地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。） 考例2Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable.(上海2000)Awhich price Bthe price of which Cits price Dthe price of whose 简析选B。whose在从句中作表示所属关系的定语，既可指代人，也可指代物。指物时，常可转换为of which；指人时常可转换为of w
15、hom。 考例3In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, many people have gone home Awhose time Bthat Con which Dby which time(上海95) 简析先行词5:30 pm与time之间是一种同位关系，可用which来作定语替代。从句中的完成状态，常与by短语连用，故选D。 3.在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。如： He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother 他迫切地想到医院去看望他继母，他把继母当自己的亲妈妈一样爱戴。 4.非限制性定语从句的关系代词which，既可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整句的
