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1、2022-2023年考博英语-南开大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The torch was （ ） by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implementedD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deceive“欺骗, 行骗”;ignite“点燃, 使燃烧”;implement“实施, 执行”;designate“指定, 指派”。句意:在运动会开幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员点燃。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题The American bab
2、y boom after the war made unconvincing U. S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and
3、 West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example f
4、or developing nations. We are more affected by womens liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of chi
5、ldren are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstanceswomen working outside the home and the instability of marriage
6、一tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserve
7、s resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed. Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population larg
8、ely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was fe
9、ared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.1.What influences the birth rate most in the United States is （ ） .2.The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive” implies that （ ） .3.A chief fac
10、tor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is （ ） .4.The population in the new century, according to the writer, （ ） .问题1选项A.highly paid jobsB.womens desire for independenceC.expenses of child raisingD.high divorce rate问题2选项A.food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly ex
11、pensiveB.prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paid jobsD.social development has made child-raising inexpensive问题3选项A.birth controlB.the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.the instability of marriageD.the changed place of women问题4选
12、项A.will be smaller than a few years agoB.will not be as small as people expectC.will prove to be a threat to the worldD.will not continue as serious a problem as expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第二段第二句“We are more affected by womens liberation: . provide free labor for child raising.”美国
13、出生率受到妇女解放的影响:一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。选项B符合原文。2.信息推断题。上一句提到，一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。由此可以推断，抚养孩子从零成本似乎变成了高成本，是因为女性为了抚养孩子而放弃高薪工作所付出了昂贵的代价，这里并不是说抚养孩子的成本高。所以选项C符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Along with them . in Europe in the 19th century.”社会流动性，以及在城市里发展提升的抱负，是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的一个主要因素。选项B符合原文。4
14、.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，目前富裕的国家由于妇女地位改变而人口趋于稳定，为世界其他地区树立了榜样，工业社会也将蔓延到贫穷国家，所有的这些都将导致新世纪的人口比几年前的要少。潜在意思是说，新世纪的人口问题不会像预期的那样严重。选项D相对于选项A来说，更为恰当。3. 单选题The company will （ ） to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.问题1选项A.retainB.alterC.adhereD.abandon【答案】C【解析】动词搭配。retain”保持, 记住”;alter“改变, 更改”;
15、adhere“坚持, 追随”, 一般与to连用;abandon“抛弃, 遗弃”。句意:无论过程中会付出多大的代价, 这家公司都将坚持其协议。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any countryfrom 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in non-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years develop
