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1、-1、1994年Directions:Read the following te*t carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in e*panding the horizons of scientific knowledge.
2、(71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72)In short , a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention
3、 and use of a series of instruments that e*panded the reach of science in innumerable directions. (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology alg
4、ues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Ma*well, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific e*periments.The centerpiece of the argument of a techn
5、ology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo s greatest
6、glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolvearound the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of mac
7、hinery for making eyeglasses .Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the e*pense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.精巧译文新学派
8、的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的*围中被无视的力量。71他们说，科学的开展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改良了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。72新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改良、创造和使用，这些改良、创造和使用使科学开展的*围无所不及。73工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们无视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的创造家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分
9、析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。74伽利略的最光芒的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新创造的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。但是，在新学派科学家看来，这件事中真正重要的因素是制造镜片的机械长期以来不断的改良和开展。联邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技术与天才之争中去。75政府终究是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。题目解析：(71 ) 、Science moves forward, they say, not so much
10、 through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.构造分析：宾语从句的主句Science / moves forward, / 主句 插入构造they say, / 并列构造1 not so much 原因状语构造through / 多重定语the insights / of great men / of genius / 并列构造2 as 原因状语构造because of / more ordinary thing
11、s / 举例like / improved techniques and tool.词义推敲：move forward：向前开展。they say：间接引语作插入构造前置。they：指代the new school of scientists技巧：单复数对应：according to saynot so much. as. 是as as 和一样多的否认形式，理解为：与其倒不如。through因为技巧：not so much. as是个并列构造，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该一样，所以多义介词through的意思应该等于because of因为，由于。the insights / o
12、f great men / of genius：天才伟人的真知灼见。多重后置定语后浪推前浪，从后往前翻译。insights：the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration 洞察力；心智的敏锐真知灼见，远见卓识genius：天才more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool这是构造是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词more ordinary things，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：像改良了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。like：such as参
13、考译文：新学派科学家们说，科学之所以开展，与其说是因为天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说是因为像改良了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。得分重点：插入构造，并列构造，原因状语构造(72)、In short , a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that e*panded the reach of science in innumer
14、able directions. 构造分析：直接引语作宾语从句 介词短语作状语In short, / 主句a leader / of the new school / contends, / 直接引语中的主语the scientific revolution, / 插入构造as we call it, 直接引语中的谓语/ was largely / 多重定语the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments / 定语从句 主语that / 谓语e*panded / the reach / of science
15、 / 介词短语作方式状语in innumerable direction.词义推敲：in short 简而言之a leader of the new school contends：新学派的一位领导人物说/认为school学派。contend：to maintain or assert 主*或声称the scientific revolution：科学革命revolution：A sudden or momentous change in a situation 大变革在一情况下的突然或瞬时改变as we call it我们所称之谓的，我们所说的largely：for the most par
16、t; mainly 大局部地；主要地the improvement and invention and use of / a series of / instruments 一系列器具的改良、创造和使用。a series of一系列e*pand扩大，*开reachrange or scope of influence or effect. 影响力产生影响或效果的*围或领域参考译文：简而言之，新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改良、创造和使用，而这些改良、创造和使用 / 这使科学开展的*围无所不及 / 使科学开展无所不及 / 在无数方面拓展了科学的领域。得分重点：插入构造，定语从句，方
