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1、初中英语语法专项习题1名词初中英语语法专项习题 一、名词 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词 名词的分类 名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词。 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词 专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States) 名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种: 一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.bookbooks,dogdogs,penp
2、ens,boyboys 以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为s,以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为z。 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es. eg.beachbeaches,brushbrushes,busbuses,boxboxes以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es. eg.citycities,familyfamilies,documentarydocumentaries,countrycountries, strawberrystrawberries 以o结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下: ,.tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes, he
3、roheroes negro negroes mongomongoesp 结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoozoos,radioradios 某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. pianopianos 一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s, eg.photophotos,kilokilos zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加 eg.zeroszeroes 以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es. eg.wifewives,leaf leaves,halfhalves,knifeknives,thiefthieves 有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换
4、其中的字 1 eg.manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen, footfeet, toothteeth, childchildren,mousemice,OxOxen 还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。 eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish 另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。 eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors 另外,当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。 eg.
5、an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister 但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。 eg.two men teachers,three women doctors 可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。 eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils 2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。 表不定数量时,一般用much,little,a lot oflots of,some,any等词
6、修饰。 eg,much money,a little bread 表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如:twothree+量词复数十of+不可数名词。 eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water 3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。 eg: fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物foods各种食品;fish鱼fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒; cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙sands沙滩; tea
7、茶a tea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁an orange橘子; glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸a paper试卷、论文;wood木头a wood小森林;room空间、余地a room房间 名词的所有格 有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。 不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加s. eg.Mikes watch;Womens Day 以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加。 eg.teachersoffice,studentsrooms 两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名
8、词后加s. eg.Tom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间 两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加s. eg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车 无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构 2 eg.a map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room 特殊形式 可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格 eg.the boys name=the name Of the boy the dogs legs=the legs of the dog Chinas population=
9、the population Of China Chinas capital=the capital of China 双重所有格 eg.a fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友 a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片 练习题 1. ( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 2 We need some more_. Can yo
10、u go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe ( ) 3 _are_for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used B. C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes ( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_. A. leafs B. l
11、eaves C. leaf D. leave ( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear ( ) 7 On the table there are five_. A.tomatosB. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato 2 ( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us_ on
12、how to keep fit. A.some advices B.someadvice C.an adviceD.a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad. 3 A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news ( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a 3 ( ) 1 -Would you like_tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_. A. any, bottles of orang
13、e B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges ( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some ti
14、me ( ) 4 I would like to have_. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks ( ) 5 Can you give me _? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 7 John bought_for himse
15、lf yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes 4 ( ) 1 -How many _ have you got on your farm? -Ive got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken ( ) 2 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 3 In the picture there are many_ and two. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs ( ) 4 A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A