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1、考研考博-考博英语-云南大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题We have has a marvelous holiday. Only the last two days were slightly（ ）by weather.问题1选项A.damagedB.enhancedC.spoiledD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项damage“损害”；B选项enhance“提高、增强”；C选项spoil“破坏、掠夺”；D选项diminish“减少、缩小”，句意为：我们度过了一个美好的假期。只有最后两天因为天气有点扫兴。C选项符合句意。2. 单选题Even in the 170
2、0s, during the early US settlements, （ ）religious groups who opposed slavery, and later formed the backbone of the Abolitionist Movement.问题1选项A.there haveB.there areC.there wereD.have there been【答案】D【解析】语法（倒装）题目。空格前一句 “Even in the 1700s, during the early US settlements”是整个句子的时间状语，而当时间状语位于句首时，主句部分需要使
3、用部分倒装，D选项正确。3. 单选题The accident occurred when a van （ ）on the snow-covered road and bumped into a car that was not able to steer away in time owing also to the snow.问题1选项A.skiddedB.slidC.glidedD.slipped【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：事故发生时，一辆面包车在积雪覆盖的路上打滑，撞上了一辆由于下雪无法及时躲开的小汽车。选项A “打滑”符合题意。4. 翻译题Read the following
4、passage and then translate the underlined parts into Chinese.Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis
5、for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalization of scientific activity.No clear cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs science: exceptions
6、 can be found to any rule. (Nevertheless, the word amateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community, and in particular, may not fully share its values.The urowth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requireme
7、nt of a longer, more complex training implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United K
8、ingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies rep
9、resented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old wa
10、y. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth
11、 century.As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, w
12、hereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalization and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed un
13、til the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.【答案】另一结果是科研活动的日益专业化。然而，“业余”这个词的确包含这样一个内涵，即所提到的人无法完全融入科学界，尤其是，他们可能无法完全认同这个群体的价值观。十九世纪，由于长期而复杂的专业训练，专业化的发展给从事科研的业余人员带来了更大的问题。作为这一发展的合理结果，不
14、同的期刊面向不同的读者，专业的或者业余的。尽管职业化和专业化进程在19世纪的英国地质界进行得非常深入，但是它所产生的影响到20世纪才体现出来。5. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.他曾在许多著名的美术家门下学习。这些美术家中的一些渴望描述社会下层居民的生活。只有通过这些科目考试的人才能担任政府官员。有证据证明黑猩猩(chimpanzee)过着一种复杂的社会生活，但具体的细节尚不清楚。人们抱着一夜暴富的心理借钱赌牌。肥沃的土地和丰富的植物提供了丰富的粮食，维护了社会的稳定。【答案】He was once learned from
15、 many famous artists, some of whom desired to describe lives of people from the lower class.Only people who pass these exams can become government officials.Evidence shows that chimpanzees live a complex social life, but some specific details are still not clear.People borrow money to gamble with the thought of becoming rich overnight.Fertile soil and abundant plants provide us enough food and sustain the societys stability.6. 单选题The heavy fog had created an optical（ ）that made the opposite shore of the lake seem closer than it was.问题1选项A.imaginationB.conclusion
