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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the（ ）in which they develop: for example, leaves display a wide range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.问题1选项A.relationshipB.environmentC.sequenceD.arrangement【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项relati
2、onship“关系，关联”；B选项environment“环境，外界”；C选项sequence“序列，顺序，续发事件”；D选项arrangement“布置，安排”。句意：叶片的形态和生理机能因其生长环境的不同而不同：例如，叶片对不同程度的光照和湿度表现出广泛的适应性。选项B符合语境。2. 单选题Why are some of us good at math, while others（ ）at art or volleyball.问题1选项A.workB.excelC.aimD.gaze【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项work at“从事于，致力于”；B选项excel at“突出，擅长于
3、”；C选项aim at“目的在于”；D选项gaze at“盯住，凝视”。根据句意可知，填空处填入的词应和at搭配，并且和good at意思相近。句意“为什么有些人擅长数学，而有些人擅长艺术或排球?”选项B符合语境。3. 单选题If you never review your stage lines, you will only have yourself to（ ）if you fail in your performance.问题1选项A.complainB.mistakeC.blameD.fault【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。to blame意为“该受责备；怪罪；应该负责”。句意“如果
4、你从不复习你的台词，假如在表演时失败了，你只能怪你自己。”选项C符合语境。4. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite
5、right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic (人口统计学) growth to “a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to
6、 understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often
7、 nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the popula
8、tion problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is
9、not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of ra
10、pid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion p
11、eople throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present,
12、 this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1. According to the passage, “population as a global issue” （ ）.2. It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that（ ）.3. What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?4. The reas
13、on for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that（ ）.5. How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?问题1选项A.is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesnt need our concernB.focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growthC.deals with the
14、same problem aroused by the population problemD.will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives问题2选项A.too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beingsB.the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of EarthC.demographic growth will follow
15、 a certain pattern of ups and downsD.it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually问题3选项A.Species competitionB.Low fertilityC.Tribal fightsD.High rate of death问题4选项A.people are permitted to have more childrenB.people can live better than beforeC.newborn babies die less than beforeD.we have found the secret of longevity问题5选项A.Eighty million.B.Eight thousandC.Fifty thousandD.Five million【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。原文首段第一句提及“We can begin our discussion of population a
